Tanggu, the scientific name is Oblontobutis pota-mophila, belonging to the genus Diptera, Tangtaceae, and Shatang. It is a small carnivorous small fish that is distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its surrounding waters. It inhabits aquatic plants such as silt and weed on the bottom of rivers and lakes. It has weak swimming ability and ambush feeding methods. Tanggu is a small individual, but it has less thorny meat and delicious meat. It is a popular traditional dish in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and is best known as the "cauliflower, pond and oysters" before and after the breeding season. Tanggu’s production in the past mainly depended on natural fishing. Due to the long-term overfishing and the rapid development of modern industry and agriculture, the water environment gradually deteriorated, and the water area suitable for the growth and reproduction of ponds has been declining daily. As a result, natural fishing production has been declining year by year and its resources are increasingly depleted. Due to the stimulation of the market economy, the majority of farmers have high enthusiasm for pond culture in Tanggu, but due to restrictions on the supply of seed, aquaculture production has not been carried out in large areas. In order to solve the contradiction between supply and demand for seedlings, the artificial propagation technology of Tanggu is now introduced as follows to create conditions for aquaculture.
1 Preparation of a mercury book
1.1 The parental specifications generally require female ponds to weigh more than 100g and males to be above 75g.
1.2 Parental age
More than 2 instar gonads have developed mature Tanggu. Requires a healthy body, complete scales, no disease, no injury, no parasites.
1.3 Collection time Parent collection time is generally from the end of each year to March of the second year. When parents are collected in batches, try to keep the same batch in a pond.
2 Intensive cultivation of parents
2.1 Pond condition The parent pond cultivation area of ​​Tanggu is suitable for 1.0-1.5 mu, and the water depth is about 1.5m. It requires the pond to have sufficient water, the water quality is clean and free of pollution, the water injection and drainage are convenient, and the bottom flat mud is less.
2.2 Clearance ponds for clear ponds were cleared one week prior to stocking by the parents to remove excessive silt, and then clear ponds were sterilized. Dry ponds were used to clean the ponds. Each pond was sprayed with 150kg quicklime per acre to kill pathogens. And other enemy creatures.
2.3 To create a good ecological environment Tanggu parents should cultivate a certain amount of plants or pile peanuts in the bottom of the pool, and place fish nests in the shallow water area around the pond. The fish nests are made of two pieces of matching tiles to provide the parents with Good habitat.
2.4 Parents' Disinfection The collected parents were bathed with 3% to 5% saline for 5 to 10 minutes before stocking to disinfect the fish.
2.5 Stocking Density The parents of the pond larvae cultivate 500 groups of about 1,000 per acre, with a male to female ratio of 1:1, or slightly more males.
2.6 After the feeding parents enter the pool, they must feed enough fresh bait fish according to the weather, water temperature, etc. The size of the bait fish should be palatable. In particular, from March to April, the amount of feed should be gradually increased as the water temperature increases. The amount of daily feeding depends on the number of parents in the pond, which is generally 3% to 5% of the fish's body weight. The amount of feeding depends on the feeding and activities of the parents.
2.6 Daily management After the spring starts, change the amount of water according to the water quality of the pond regularly, and periodically sprinkle a small amount of quicklime to adjust the water quality to prevent the occurrence of diseases. We must diligently inspect the ponds and diligently check them so that problems can be discovered in time and the development of gonads in ponds and ponds can be mastered
3 Artificial propagation of artificial breeding ponds can be carried out in cages or in ponds as required or required. The use of cages for artificial breeding and seedling cultivation of ponds is to set the cages directly in the adult fish ponds. The advantage is that there is no need for special seedling cultivation ponds. Quantitative production can be performed according to the required amount of seedlings. Under the pond, and the technology is simple and easy to operate.
3.1 Differences between male and female in Tanggu The difference between male and female of pond pond is very obvious. Especially in the breeding season, the reproductive gestation of females is wide and round, showing a flat tubular shape. There are two small projections on the distal end, and the male reproductive is thin and pointed. The triangle is pointed and the tip is pointed to the rear. In addition, the male pond has a large body and a wide head. The body color is darker than the female fish. The male fish has a smooth scale, while the female has a rough and large abdomen.
3.2 Breeding in cages
3.2.1 Preparation of cages The size of the spawning cages is 2m1m1m or more, and the size of the incubator is more than 6 m2. All cages are made of green or dense mesh and set up in ponds.
3.2.2 Set up Ovary Production Ovary should be placed in the spawning box. Ovary nests can be made of two pieces of matching tiles, usually 10 per square meter cage.
3.2.3 Selection of Tanggu Parents In mid-April, the Tanggu Parental Cultivation Pool was drained to catch the catch. The selected Tanggu, which had better gonadal development, was placed in the spawning box at a ratio of 1:1 for males to females. Put cages into 10 groups.
3.2.4 Induction of spawning ponds Artificial spawning does not require the injection of hormones, which is mainly achieved by stimulation of changes in environmental factors. The method of changing the water in the pond or flushing water into the cages is used to promote the spawning and fertilization of ponds.
3.2.5 Incubation of fertilized eggs The oviposition nests with the fertilized eggs of the pond turtles are moved to hatching cages. The density is set to produce one ovary per square meter, so that the fertilized eggs hatch in the hatching cage and the males are also kept in the nest. At the same time move into the incubator. Since the hatching time of the fertilized eggs of the pond turtle is long and prone to hydromycosis, it is necessary to use foflumarin solution on a regular basis, and once every 2 days, the concentration is 2510E-6, splashed in the cage.
3.3 Breeding in ponds
3.3.1 Set Ovary Production Before the maturation of the gonads in the Tanggu parent, the artificial ovary nested in the two watts is placed in the parent cultivation pond in Tanggu, and the number depends on the number of parental groups, which is generally smaller than the parent group. Slightly more appropriate.
3.3.2 Induction of spawning The method of spawning is the same as the former. In late April, the gonads of the parents have basically matured. By replacing a large amount of water in the pool, the parents of the ponds and oysters can be induced to spawn and fertilize at the same time.
3.3.3 Incubation of fertilized eggs Periodically check the production of ovaries, remove the ovaries with fertilized eggs in time and put them into the cement pool to hatch. The area of ​​the cement pool does not need to be too large, and it can be 10 to 20 square meters. Each square meter of cement pool is equipped with a gas rock, continuous air aeration and oxygen control, the amount of air to control the appearance of microwaves on the water. When the water temperature is around 26°C, after about 5 days of incubation, the larvae can produce a film. Due to the relatively long incubation time, care should be taken to prevent saprophytic disease during hatching.
4 summer flower cultivation
4.1 Culturing of cages. Fertilized eggs are incubated in the incubator to form a summer flower directly in the incubator. After 3 days of hatching, the pond larvae were fed with horns, copepods, cooked egg yolks, soya milk, and other bait, and at the same time, the fish was removed to avoid swallowing small fish. The amount of feeding depends on the conditions of eating and cannot be overdose. With the growth of Tanggu larvae, the number of baits was appropriately increased, and fish paste and feed containing high protein were added later. After a period of about 1 month, the Tangxia summer flower specification can reach 2.0-2.5cm and can be directly cultured in the pond.
4.2 Pond cultivation
4.2.1 Pond Preparation Fish seedlings begin to clear the summer flower cultivation ponds in the first half of the month before the ponds, remove excessive silt, open wells with the word “well†and collect fish ditch, and poured 150kg of calcined water into the entire pond. About 7 days before stocking, 50 cm of filtered water was injected, and 200 kg/mu of organic fertilizer was applied to cultivate natural food to improve the survival rate of the lower pond.
4.2.2 Fish fry stocking The fry hatched in the concrete pond can be cultivated in the pond after 7 days of cultivation, and the mu stocking amount is about 300,000.
4.2.3 Feeding Management In the case of adequate natural feed, the first few days after stocking do not need to be fed. Generally, the animal feed such as fish paste is started to be fed on the 4th day, and the feed amount depends on the feeding conditions of the fry. Feeding 2 times a day, 30% in the morning and 70% in the afternoon. Feeding should be sufficient to avoid individual size differences and mutual encroachment due to underfeeding. Water is added once a week for 20cm each time. If the water quality is over-abundant, some white-flowered species may be stocked in appropriate amounts.
5 Precautions
5.1 The broodstock should be collected and cultivated in advance in order to collect broodstock. It is impermissible to collect the electrophoresis of the pond pupa as a parent so as to avoid unnecessary losses.
5.2 Strengthen management When using cages to cultivate summer flowers, cages should be washed regularly to prevent dirt from clogging the mesh and affecting the exchange of water inside and outside the cage. Feeding should be regular, quantitative, qualitative, and increase feed as the fish grows.
5.3 Prevention and control of fish diseases The principle of prevention and prevention shall be followed. Lime spatter shall be regularly used to regulate water quality, create a good ecological environment, and promote the rapid growth of fish fry to prevent the occurrence of fish diseases.
5.4 Planting aquatic grasses Pond seedlings are cultivated in ponds. Some plants should be transplanted after clear ponds to provide a sheltered habitat for pond fish fry and reduce fry killing.
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