I. Scientific irrigation
1. Irrigation period. The correct period of irrigation of the hut Li Shu is not to wait until the plums have been irrigated from the state of water shortage (if it shrinks, curls, etc.), but before the plums are affected by water shortage.
(1) Irrigation according to field capacity. It is generally believed that when the soil moisture content is reduced to 60% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field and it is close to the "wilting coefficient", it should be irrigated. The soil moisture content can be measured with a soil moisture meter, or it can be measured by hand and visually. Such as loamy soil or sandy loam soil, formed by hand clenching, and then squeezed, the soil group should not be broken, generally do not have to irrigate; if the fingers can not be released after the formation of soil groups, it must be irrigated. For example, if the soil is clay loam, it can become a soil mass when it is kneaded, but it is easy to produce cracks when it is squeezed. This indicates that the soil moisture content is low and irrigation is needed.
(2) According to plum phenology period irrigation. The phenophases of different phenophases of plum have different sensitivities to soil water content, and irrigation should be appropriate in the critical period: 1 Planting. After planting, it needs to be fully irrigated in the early stage of growth, generally combined with topdressing in the underground every 15 days, in order to promote the growth of new shoots and rapid tree forming, so as to provide nutrient basis for Hunchun’s high yield. 2 before flowering. Irrigation before flowering is beneficial to plum blossoming, shoot growth and fruit setting. 3 shoot growth and young fruit expansion period. This period is the critical period of Li Shu water demand. Insufficient moisture at this stage not only inhibits shoot growth, but also affects fruit development and even fruit drop. 4 rapid expansion of fruit. Li Guo's rapid expansion period is also a period of flower bud differentiation. At this time, the temperature is high and the amount of evaporation is large. If the water is insufficient, the fruit development and flower bud differentiation will be affected. Reasonable irrigation will help improve the yield and quality of flower buds, and lay a good foundation for high yields for successive years. 5 After the fruit is harvested. Li Guo matured early. After fruit harvest, it is the tree's accumulated vegetative stage. The photosynthesis of the leaves is strong. In combination with timely irrigation after applying fertilizer, it is beneficial to roots to absorb nutrients and tree photosynthesis, thus accumulating large amounts of nutrients. 6 before winter. In the middle and late November, 30 to 40 days before the shed, the water was irrigated, and the wet earth layer reached 80 cm. It was the best for the whole garden.
2. Irrigation method. 1 Sprinkler irrigation. Through the irrigation facilities, the irrigation water is sprayed into the air and small water droplets are sprinkled on the ground. This method has many advantages, which can reduce runoff and leakage, save water, reduce the damage to the soil structure, improve the microclimate of Liyuan, and save labor and labor. However, it can only be used in open-air cultivation. 2 drip irrigation. This method is an advanced irrigation technique that combines mechanization and automation to slowly drip water droplets or small water streams into the plum tree roots. This irrigation method saves water and can be combined with chemical fertilizers and herbicides. The drip irrigation in the greenhouse should be performed under the plastic film to prevent the relative humidity of the air from rising. 3 furrow irrigation. Liyuan ditch (deep 20-25 cm) irrigation, the ditch is perpendicular to the waterway. After filling, fill the soil. This method of water economy, the entire garden soil irrigation. 4 hole irrigation. In the outer edge of the canopy project, 2 to 4 irrigation holes with a diameter of 30 cm can be excavated, which can be combined with acupuncture points for water and fertilizer. The depth is based on the fact that it does not hurt the rough roots. Fill the water and fill it with water until it seeps. This method of water economy, soaking the root range wide and uniform, will not cause soil compaction. 5 Man irrigation. In areas with abundant water resources and flat terrain, the entire park will be flooded. This method is water-consuming, time consuming, and time consuming. It has a destructive effect on the soil and is not recommended for use.
Second, drainage techniques
The rainy season in the northern region is mostly from July to August. At this time, the Liyuan in plains is prone to water accumulation, but the growth and development of the root system is limited, affecting nutrients and water absorption, and it may cause fluid or even tree death. Attention should be paid to trench drainage. The depth of the gutter shall be such that the maximum water level is less than 40 cm below the root concentration layer, and water or light or sandy beach patches 4 to 6 rows of trees to dig a ditch, and the water may be heavy or the soil may be heavy to 2 to 3 rows of trees to dig a ditch , Mizoguchi and drains connected. In case of heavy rain, rainwater can be quickly discharged from Li Garden.
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