A newly discovered protozoan prevents its host mice from suffering from intestinal bacterial infections

A newly discovered protozoan prevents its host mice from suffering from intestinal bacterial infections

October 11, 2016 Source: Drug Information Network

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"This is an accidental discovery, but it is also an important finding. This study shows that when studying the gut microbiome, How important it is to go beyond bacteria."

Researchers are realizing that mice cultured in their own experimental facilities have a greater number of immune cells in the intestine than mice purchased from outside vendors. The first author of the paper, Aleksey Chudnovskiy, a graduate student at the Icahn School of Medicine in Sinai, and Arthur Mortha, a postdoctoral researcher, decided to find out why. When they performed a bowel cleansing of the two groups of mice, they were surprised to find that the mice from the experimental facility at the Icahn Medical School in Mount Sinai contained flagellated protozoa that lived in their intestines. DNA sequencing revealed that the microbe was a new protozoan parasite that they named Tritrichomonas musculis.

Further studies have shown that when such protozoa are administered to mice that do not contain it, these mice have an increased number of immune cells and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in their gut. The researchers set out to discover the working mechanism behind it. They found that Trichomonas sinensis activates the inflammasome in the intestinal epithelial cells of mice, which in turn leads to cytokine activation. They also found that dendritic cells are required for the induction of inflammation. To determine whether the colonization of Trichomonas trichosus affects the ability of mice to fight infection, they were infected with Salmonella and found that the mice in the gut microbiome containing Trichomonas trichosus were very resistant to Salmonella infection. Chudnovskiy said, "The protective effect of this species is very interesting."

Trichomonas trifida was found to be an orthologous name for Dientamoeba fragilis, a parasite found in the intestines of many people, but the researchers did not know Does the crisp dual-core amoeba also have a protective effect. This is what they plan to study. Merad explains, “People in industrialized countries are more likely to suffer from intestinal infections when traveling to emerging countries than native populations. It is known that protozoa, which are more common in emerging countries, have a protective effect against intestinal pathogen infections.”

She added that “the fight against pathogens determines the survival of humans, and those with a stronger immune system are those who survive the infection. It is likely that the gut microbiota is an important part of the evolutionary process. Therefore, identifying those symbiotic organisms that confer immunity to the gut microbiome in an exposed environment should help identify new therapeutic agents."

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