What types of sheep diarrhea? How to judge the type of diarrhea? (with prevention and treatment methods)
Many rural areas have aquaculture. In the process of raising sheep, a very common problem encountered by farmers is the diarrhea of ​​sheep. Most farmers know very little about diarrhea in sheep and don't know how to deal with it. It is precisely because of this that it brings serious losses to the sheep farm. The following small series will give you a detailed introduction to the type, diagnosis and prevention of sheep diarrhea.
First, the type of sheep diarrhea
Sheep diarrhea can be divided into three types, namely non-infectious diarrhea, parasitic diarrhea and pathogenic microbial diarrhea.
1. Non-infectious diarrhea
(1) Physical diarrhea. This is mainly caused by low temperature or high water content of sheep feed. For example, if the lamb is licked on a cool concrete floor and drinking cold water, it will cause gastrointestinal motility to accelerate, resulting in diarrhea in sheep. For example, when a sheep feeds fresh pasture with a higher water content, or other feed with a higher water content, it causes diarrhea.
For such diarrhea is relatively easy to treat, as long as we control the incidence of diarrhea can stop, if the sheep due to the water content of the feed diarrhea, we only need to control the water content of the feed, then the diarrhea will improve, if it is controlled If it is not timely, then it can be converted into other types of diarrhea.
(2) Digestive diarrhea. It mainly refers to feeds such as concentrates or milk that feed on the sheep, which causes the digestive system to be completely digested and absorbed by the feed, so that the gastrointestinal motility is discharged, such as the concentration of milk in the case of artificial breastfeeding of the lamb. High can cause diarrhea; adult sheep eat a lot of concentrate or legume forage can cause diarrhea. In addition, in the case of excessive hunger, there will also be diarrhea.
(3) Toxic diarrhea. The sheep have taken poisonous grass or mildewed feed. Under the stimulation of toxins, the gastrointestinal motility of the sheep will increase, and diarrhea will occur. This is actually a manifestation of sheep self-protection, which helps the toxins to be discharged and reduces the body's absorption of toxins. However, sheep are often dehydrated due to severe diarrhea.
(4) drug-induced diarrhea. When the sheep are given artificial paraffin oil, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate and artificial salt, the sheep will also have diarrhea. The main purpose is to empty the gastrointestinal contents of the sheep, mainly for the treatment of rumen food and rumen flatulence. Such diseases, the general degree of diarrhea is within the control range.
2, parasitic diarrhea
When a large number of parasites appear in the digestive tract infection of sheep, such as aphids, nematodes, coccidia, etc., not only will damage the intestinal mucosa, but also release some toxins, so that the intestinal digestive capacity of the sheep is greatly reduced and infection, insects Body and toxins can also stimulate intestinal peristalsis and cause diarrhea in sheep.
3. Pathogenic microbial diarrhea
When sheep are infected with Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Clostridium perfringens, or viruses such as epidemic diarrhea virus and rotavirus, the sheep will have diarrhea, not only a single bacterial or viral infection, but also multiple infections. Mixed infections of bacteria and viruses, such diarrhea is often more serious, and the damage to the flock is relatively large.
Second, the diagnosis of sheep diarrhea type
Only the diagnosis of sheep diarrhea type can be symptomatic treatment, but there are certain similarities between different types of sheep diarrhea, and sheep sometimes have multiple diarrhea at the same time, so it is not easy to diagnose, the following small series from the age of sheep, The degree of diarrhea, changes in body temperature, and the smell of feces are taught to confirm the type of diarrhea in sheep.
1. Sheep age
Most of the diarrhea within 7 days of age is caused by cold, indigestion and Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens;
Most of the diarrhea after 7 days of age is caused by Salmonella, epidemic diarrhea, rotavirus and coronavirus;
In the case of diarrhea in a few fat lambs in the same group of sheep, it is necessary to consider Clostridium perfringens;
Sheep of all ages have diarrhea, no obvious time, Escherichia coli, rotavirus and indigestion can be considered in less severe cases. Epidemic diarrhea, Salmonella and Clostridium perfringens can be considered in severe cases.
2. Degree of diarrhea
The flock is exploding and rapidly spreading diarrhea, and can consider epidemic diarrhea, small anti-plague, etc.;
The flock is a cryptic, slow-transmitting diarrhea that increases over time and can be considered parasitic diarrhea or bacterial diarrhea;
The stool becomes thin and soft, but the color is basically the same as normal stool, considering physical diarrhea or digestive diarrhea;
Feces are mushy or sticky with foam and transparent mucus, considering bacterial diarrhea;
The effluent of the water sample is mostly viral diarrhea;
Paste, yellow-gray, foul-smelling and bloody stools, mostly diarrhea caused by coccidiosis infection.
3, body temperature changes
Physical diarrhea and digestive diarrhea, body temperature will not rise, the difference is that the former feces have no stench, the latter has foul odor, and with incompletely digested feed or milk pieces;
The temperature of toxic diarrhea will increase, the feces will have no odor, and vomiting or neurological symptoms can be seen.
The course of parasitic diarrhea is generally longer, and it can be seen that the body temperature is elevated, the odor of feces (mainly odor and astringency) is large, and adults, eggs, etc. can be seen in the feces, and the sheep are generally thinner;
Pathogenic microbial diarrhea can obviously increase the body temperature, the smell of feces is odorous, and the intestinal mucosa is shed. In addition, the affected sheep may have loss of appetite, wilting, dehydration, eye socket subsidence, conjunctival cyanosis, infection and death. The rate is high.
Third, prevention and treatment methods
Sheep-raising households should first look for the cause of diarrhea in sheep, and then eliminate symptomatic treatment before symptomatic treatment. Otherwise, it is difficult to achieve good therapeutic effect only if the treatment does not eliminate the cause.
1. Physical diarrhea
As mentioned above, the general physical diarrhea is caused by the temperature or the high moisture content of the diet, and it usually occurs in the lamb, so we should strengthen the sheep house in the cold season, such as winter. Insulation work, you can lay a layer of straw on the floor of the sheep house to avoid the lamb directly on the concrete floor, do not drink cold water, reduce the feed amount of high water content, can be aired or blended with hay, as long as it is not dehydrated or converted to Other types of diarrhea do not require deliberate treatment, and the sheep will improve after the cause is eliminated.
2, digestive diarrhea
Control the feed intake of sheep, especially concentrates and legumes, when the feed is changed, it should gradually transition, so that the sheep have an adaptation process; in the case of artificial breastfeeding, the lamb should be timed, fixed temperature and qualitative (concentration), Regular feeding of lactase, multi-enzyme tablets and other digestive drugs can greatly reduce the incidence of digestive diarrhea.
Hunger therapy can be used when the sheep develops digestive diarrhea. It is usually hungry for 1~2 days, and it will be improved by feeding some digestive drugs or probiotics. In case of severe diarrhea, 0.9% sodium chloride injection and 5 can be injected. % glucose injection regulates electrolyte balance and fluid replacement. Antibiotics should also be given to prevent secondary infections when diarrhea is longer.
3. Toxic diarrhea
When sheep are poisoned by poisonous grass or mildewed feed, mild diarrhea helps to excrete toxic and toxins from the stomach and intestines. It can be intravenously injected with 5%~10% glucose injection 500~1000ml, VC injection 40~60ml. , 3.2 million units of penicillin, 2 million units of streptomycin, 2~4 ml of dexamethasone injection, and 5~10 ml of camphor sodium sulfonate injection for heart failure in sheep. Intravenous injection of atropine to alleviate the symptoms of poisoning.
4, drug-induced diarrhea
After stopping the drug, the diarrhea can be better and disappeared on its own, and it is generally not necessary to treat it.
5, parasitic diarrhea
Keep the water and materials clean, the housing is clean and clean, and the flocks will be dewormed 2~4 times a year. The ivermectin subcutaneous injection + albendazole (or levamisole) can be taken orally to remove the majority. Parasites in and out of the body.
6, pathogenic microbial diarrhea
Bacterial infections such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella can be treated symptomatically according to symptoms. The first is anti-inflammatory. Common anti-inflammatory agents include enrofloxacin, acetoquine, streptomycin, sulfonamides, berberine, etc. Generally, only 1~ 2 kinds are fine. Followed by rehydration, when the sheep diarrhea is severe, intravenous injection of 5% glucose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection to regulate electrolyte balance and fluid replacement; finally stomach to promote digestion, auxiliary feeding of some stomach and probiotics.
Viral diarrhea does not have a specific treatment, only symptomatic treatment, such as fluid replacement, cardiac control, electrolyte balance, and secondary infection prevention.
The above is about the introduction of sheep diarrhea, Xiaobian from the type of sheep diarrhea, diagnosis methods and prevention measures, relatively speaking, but a very comprehensive knowledge of sheep diarrhea, I hope to help the majority of sheep farmers.
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