The tree-shaped culture structure of each stage of the apple tree is different. The cultivation of the happy-shaped tree-shaped structure must first change from the trunk shape to the change of the trunk shape to the small crown, and finally transform into a happy shape. How to cultivate the tree structure of these four stages, Liang Jun, an expert of the College of Horticulture of Northwest A&F University, gave scientific guidance to the majority of fruit farmers.
1-4 year old apple tree
The main tree structure of 1-4 years old apple trees is cultivated according to the "main trunk shape". The apple tree planting is fixed at 1 meter to 1.3 meters in the same year. The shaping of 20-25 cm under the cut mouth requires 8-10 full buds. Choose 2-3 main branches. 2-5 years after planting, the trunk is not short-term in principle. Each year, 3-5 main branches are planned to be cultivated, and 10-20 main branches are selected in the 5th year. The main branches are not opposite, do not overlap, and the distance between adjacent main branches is maintained. 20-30 cm or more, except for the main branch and a small number of auxiliary branches on the trunk, all the excess branches are removed. On the main branch, the competition branches, angled branches, over strong branches and overly branches are removed in time. The spacing of the same azimuth branches on the main branches is maintained at 30 cm or more, and no branches are left within 30 cm of the base of the main branches.
5-9 years old results apple tree
At the beginning of 5-9 years, the apple tree should be transformed from the "trunk shape" to the "variable trunk shape" tree structure. The main task of this period is to eliminate the large auxiliary branches and the large side branches on the main branches. The skirt branch and the big branch group on the back were reconstructed. The method is as follows: firstly, the side branch and the big auxiliary branch are removed, and then the excess side branches are removed, so that at most 2-3 side branches are kept on each main branch, and the main branch base is within 40-50 cm below the main branch. There is no strong branch in 40-50 cm, and the remaining lateral branches are kept at more than 50 cm. The mopping skirt on the lower main branch is completely removed in principle, and the individual retaining value can be transformed into a small result branch by retraction. The tree skeleton structure has taken initial shape and should be gradually happy.
10-19 years old generation apple tree
In the 10-19 years, the age-old apple tree is transformed from the main trunk shape to the small crown, and cultivated into a "dry" shape or a multi-main branch. The method is: gradually remove the temporary branch, and choose to keep the permanent branch. In the classification and pruning of the temporary main branch and the permanent main branch, the reshaping period should be carried out on the principle of “controlling the potential, multi-branches, suitable sparseness, lightening, and less interceptionâ€, and control the temporary main branch before being stripped. The main body is pruned, and 1-3 large branches are removed every year, which is completed in 3-4 years. When thinning, try to avoid causing large wounds and birth in the same part of the trunk. According to the branching, azimuth, angle and branch group configuration, 3-4 permanent main branches are selected, and each main branch is reformed and cultivated to form 1-2 stable side branches. The first side branches are 1.5-2.5 meters away from the trunk. The second side branch is 0.3-0.5 meters away from the first side branch, and the small branch group is mainly formed on the side branch.
Stable apple tree for more than 20 years
More than 20 years of stable apple tree transformation and cultivation completed the happy shape in place, to maintain a stable tree skeleton, maintaining the strong growth of the main branch and side branches. The main branches are at an angle of 120 degrees, and the lower main branches are preferably oriented southward. Each permanent main branch retains 1-2 relatively stable side branches, and the side branches are interspersed to avoid interlacing and adjusting the crown width. Update the rejuvenation result branch group to reach the old branch of the tree and prolong the result period.
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