He Jiangeng: The Chaihu harvest I have planted has not been ideal. I would like to ask experts about scientific management techniques in the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicine, such as fertilization and pesticide selection.
Question: On this issue, the reporter interviewed Long Haizhou, a researcher at Northwest A & F University. Longhaizhou said that Bupleurum is a commonly used Chinese medicinal material. It is mostly born in dry and barren hillsides, ash trees, forest margins, bushes, forest gaps, and wasteland meadows. The soil is mostly brown forest soil, rich in humus. Black soil or grassy sandy soil. It likes warm and humid climate conditions, and has the characteristics of resistance to cold, drought and waterlogging.
1. Site preparation and preparation: Xiangyang flat slopes and flat farmland are the best. The soil is preferably sandy loam and deep humus soil. After selecting the land, turn the rake deep and make a high hoe.
2. Seed selection and seedling selection: Select plants that are more than 2 years old to collect seeds. Pre-soaking seeds, sowing or seeding in late March. It can be covered with mulch and watered immediately after planting.
3. Seed live broadcast: Spring sowing is from late March to mid April, and autumn sowing is in October. The seeding was performed according to the row spacing of 10 cm × 25 cm. Apply compost or superphosphate before sowing. After cracking, it was slightly cracked and covered with soil. Bupleurum seeds have a long germination period. In order to prevent the ground from drying, a small amount of wheat straw or rice husk can be covered on the seedbed to facilitate growth.
4. Field management: loosening weeds: Spring sowing usually emerges within 30 to 35 days, and autumn sowing does not emerge. Bupleurum grows weak at the seedling stage, and weeds should be removed in time and loosen the soil.
Fertilization: 200 kg of dung water per acre of land, or external root fertilization with 1% superphosphate solution, spray once every half month, 2 to 3 times consecutively, can increase yield, do not apply too much nitrogen fertilizer.
Removing buds and picking buds: The above-ground part of Chaihu grows vigorously, half of the 1-year-old plants need to be pumped and flowered, and the 2-year-old can pump and flower. In order to promote the growth of the roots, the newly growing flower buds and calyxes should be removed in time.
Irrigation and drainage: Water should be properly sprinkled at the seedling stage to keep it moist. Except for drought during the growth period, irrigation is generally not required. Pay attention to drainage during the rainy season.
5. Pest and disease control: Root rot: the initial infection occurs in the upper part of the root, the disease spot is gray-brown, all or most of the root rots, and the ground part dies. Control method: Select uncontaminated land for planting, use fully decomposed farmhouse fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, use less nitrogen fertilizer, and disinfect the soil before planting.
Root rot nematode disease: It is mainly harmful in the seedling stage from April to May, and it usually occurs on newly reclaimed land. Control method: 80% dibromochloropropane EC, 1.5 kg per mu of land, is diluted 100-150 times to sterilize the soil during site preparation, but seeding should be performed half a month after application.
Aphids: Mostly occur in June to August, which harms the upper shoots of Bupleurum and affects the growth during flowering. Control method: 1500-2000 times liquid spray of 40% Dimethoate EC can be used.
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