China's pond fish culture is characterized by fertilizer, water conservation, polyculture, and polyculture. Due to the abundance of dissolved organic matter and nutrients in the water, the amount of phytoplankton is very high and the water color is very strong. Algal groups and floating membranes sometimes appear. What remains strong is bloom. Common water blooms can be divided into 15 basic types according to the dominant species.
(1) Cryptophyte bloom This is a kind of water bloom commonly seen in ponds in China. The frequency of its occurrence is 80%–100% in various fertilizers, and the subdominant species is often called Cyclotella, blue. Some species of Chroomonas and Chlorella. Water brown, red brown, brown green and brown blue. It can appear throughout the year.
(2) Kyzygium algae bloom This is the most common water bloom in summer in Wuxi Fish Pond. The frequency of occurrence in the growth period is nearly 60%. The dominant species is Gonyostomum depressum, and the subdominant species are Cryptophyta and Gymnodinium. Sometimes Chlorophyta are also abundant, and the water color is brownish or brown green.
(3) Naked Dwarf Algal Bloom This is caused by the large-scale propagation of G. cyaneum, which is common in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Guangdong, and it appears in summer and autumn. In the summer, it coexists with the flat-type Ketella. The water color is brown green, brownish or iron gray, and the water surface has a cloud-like blue-green patch, and fish farmers call it "turning water."
(4) Chondricht blooms are sometimes seen in the rearing ponds, the dominant species is Ceratium hirdndinella, and the water color is uneven yellowish-brown.
(5) Oscillatoria or Seaweed blooms blooms formed by certain species of Oscillatoria or Alternaria species. The water color is blue-green to gray-green, but individual species can cause special water color. For example, the water bloom of Oscillatora moeegeotii is often yellow-brown, the water bloom of O. rubesens is red, and mud is brown. (Phormidium luridum) blooms red-brown. More often in the summer.
(6) Anabaena or Anabaena blooms blooms caused by Anabaena spiroides or other Anabaena species and Anabaena. The dominant species are extremely prominent and can account for more than 95% of the total biomass. The water color is blue-green or dark green, and the emerald green floc or blue-green floating membrane can be seen. Appeared in summer.
(7) The dominant species of Microcystis sp. were Mirocystis aeruginosa and M. pulverea. The water color was blue-green, dark green or yellow-green. Microcystis aeruginosa bloom water surface often blue-green or yellow-green floating film, mainly in summer.
(8) The water color of the pinnate algal blooms is blue-green or yellow-green, and the surface of the water often has a floating film, which occurs in summer or early autumn.
(9) Minimal blue algae blooms blooms caused by some very miniature species of the blue-green algae species. The dominant species are often Chroococfus, Corynebacterium, Blue-green algae, Myxococcus, and Pyrrophyta and other species of the genus, with dark green, blue-green, brown-green, brown, and yellow-brown colors.
(10) The algae blooms are usually blooms formed by Chlamydomonas, Tetraflagellates, Algae, and Actinococcus. The number of algae and other flagella is also high. The water is green, and the green surface often has a floating membrane.
(11) Chlorophyceae blooms usually blooms formed from chlorella, Scenedesmus, tetragonal, dichroic, chlorella, and mangrove algae, (35) Algae and other flagellate algae and Cyclotella sp. A certain number of water-green or yellow-green, more transparent, appeared in shallow and often applied fish ponds.
(12) Euglenophyta blooms are mainly blooms formed by Rhodophyceae, and the number of algae and other dinoflagellates is usually greater. The water color in green is red, green or reddish-brown, and the water surface usually has a red floating membrane.
(13) Euglena variegata blooms usually bloom from the cystis and rotund cysts, and the surface of the water is soot or reddish-brown.
(14) The diatom blooms mainly consist of Cyclotella sp., Needles, Navicula and Rhomboidea, and the number of algae and Chlorella sp. Water color brown, greater transparency. Mostly appeared in the spring and autumn.
(15) Chrysophyta blooms often form blooms from the genus Dinophyta and Alpinus arborescens, usually with a greater number of diatoms and algae. The water is golden brown and transparent. It mainly appears in early spring.
China's Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong-Guangzhou area have accumulated valuable experience in "seeing water and fish farming" in long-term production practice. The essence is to observe the color, appearance and changes of water blooms.
With regard to the relationship between water color and phytoplankton species, there have been some fragmented reports. The general humans are: the cells of Chrysophyta, Yellow algae, diatoms, and dinoflagellates are brown or brown-green, and their blooms are close to the appeal color; the green algae and the cells of the algae are green, and their blooms are also close to green; the cyanobacteria cells are deep Green or dark blue, its bloom is also close to dark green or blue-green. However, the actual situation is much more complicated.
First of all, although the same algae have common features in terms of pigment composition, there are special cases. For example, Cyanophyta species are generally blue-green or gray-green, while some species (such as Oscillatoria moniliformis, Puccinia glauca, etc.) are more A lot of yellow-brown pigments (carotenes and lutein) and red pigments (phycoerythrin) make the cells yellow-brown, reddish-brown and purple; the algae are usually green, but they are red algae and intracellular There is a lot of hemoglobin that makes the water reddish-brown; some algae are covered with shells, making the water appear shell and color.
In addition, pigment composition of the same species can also be changed under changes in living conditions, particularly when cyanobacteria and green algae grow at the end of exponential growth, often due to insufficient nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, or trace elements) or other factors. The reason is that the cells appear to be "aged", when chlorophyll is reduced and the amount of carotene and lutein is increased, thus making the algae yellow or brown. The variety of algae to adapt to light conditions to change the color is more widespread.
It has been observed that the blooms of Chrysophyta, Diatoms, Cryptophyta, and Pyrrophyta are almost all brown, brownish green or brownish, but the blooms of Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, and Euglena are not only green and blue-green, especially It is the cyanobacteria that may occupy a large quantity in almost all kinds of water colors.
It can be seen that it is difficult to discriminate the composition of plankton from the color of water. In addition, the superiority or inferiority of the sub-price of water quality is not only a matter of species composition.
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