The advantages of domesticated Australian shellfish fish using full-stretched feed

The use of full-strength feed for domestication and culture of Australian shell fish has a clear advantage in respect of cost saving, quality assurance, reduction of aquaculture risk, and reduction of diseases, etc., compared with traditional culture methods.

Australian shell fish, scientific name “Oxyeleotris lineolatus”, belongs to the order of Percifomes, Gobioidei, Eleotridae, Jiantang Oxyeleotris, native to Australia, North Queensland, mainly distributed in Southeast Asian countries and Australia, benthic carnivorous fish, hi caves, docile, not good jump, resistance to hypoxia. Australian shell fish are individually fat, delicate meat, spurs, taste delicious, high nutritional value, is an important breeding object for the development of high-quality, high-yield and efficient fisheries.

Australian shellfish were introduced to the Pearl River Delta region in China in 1996. In the year 2000, Australian shellfish fish were introduced into the market. In 2004, the market began to mature and the sales volume increased. In Guangzhou Huangsha market, the daily average sales volume was 1 ton. about. It can be seen that the Australian shell fish has a good breeding prospect:

1, high nutritional value: The fish individual fat, delicate meat, bone spurs, taste delicious, rich in a variety of amino acids.

2. Low transportation costs: Australian shellfish can be transported without water under humid conditions, which greatly reduces air transportation costs and transportation risks, making the circulation of this species more competitive than other aquatic products.

3, geographical advantages: Australian shell fish like high temperature fear of cold, growth rate and water temperature is closely related. The specific climate and environment of the Pearl River Delta is unmatched by other regions. The geographical advantages of the Pearl River Delta adjacent to Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia, as well as well-developed transportation hubs, make this breed of Pearl River Delta in the country's sales and even foreign exchange earning. Great geographical advantage.

4, good breeding efficiency: China's bamboo shellfish acceptance is relatively high, mainly concentrated in high-end consumption. Even before 2009, even if the impact of the global financial crisis and H1N1 made most of the farmed species ineffective, the benefits of breeding fish were even more attractive. The price of Australian shellfish in the Pearl River Delta was approximately 60 Yuan. -70 yuan / kg, usually the breeding cost is about 30-35 yuan / kg, the normal breeding level at least profit 30 yuan / kg, compared with other conventional aquatic products, breeding efficiency is good.

In 2010, the cultivation of shellfish in Australia once again ushered in a splendid spring. The price of finished fish (more than 400g) in Tangtou was firm, once soaring to 140 yuan/kg, and the breeding cost was about 50 yuan/kg, and the profit was considerable. There is a serious situation in which demand exceeds supply. Due to the high price of bamboo shoot shell seedlings and the large investment in the early stage, the risk of breeding is relatively high. It is recommended that farmers with strong capital funds breed.

Australian shell fish culture methods compared to the current 20% of the farmers choose Osmanthus fish breeding mode: to feed live bait-based, fry standard crude feeding red worm, catfish flower or Penaeus vannamei seedlings. The advantage of this model is that the fish has fast growth and less disease, but the cost is relatively high, the controllability of the culture is low, and it is difficult to feed internal medicines for disease prevention and control. This model has gradually been eliminated.

The other 80% of the farmers chose the chilled fish + squid model: the minced frozen fish was mixed with appropriate amount of squid material to form a mass, and multiple food platforms were set up around the fish pond for feeding or direct feeding to fish ponds. Around. The drawbacks of this feeding method are as follows: (1) The chilled fish itself carries a large number of pathogens and parasites (including spores), which indirectly become pathogenic organisms. A large number of feedings will easily lead to infection of the bamboo shell fish; (2) Ice The nutrition of the fish itself is not comprehensive, and it lacks minerals, vitamins and other trace elements. Long-term feeding will cause malnutrition of the bamboo shell fish, damage of the liver and gallbladder, and cause complex diseases; (3) simple mixing and stirring, rough raw materials are not conducive to Bamboo shell fish digestion and absorption; (4) chilled fish paste is poor adhesion, dissolved in water will not only waste material to increase the cost of breeding, but more serious is the deterioration of water quality to cause disease, this result is particularly serious in the late aquaculture; ( 5) The chilled source is inconvenient. Due to seasonal restrictions, it is necessary to equip cold storage facilities, consume electricity, and increase costs. Therefore, it is imperative to update breeding techniques and break through traditional farming methods.

My base has combined years of research and breeding experience with bamboo shell fish, and South China Normal University has jointly developed a special extruded bamboo shellfish artificial compound feed. The compound feed has the following advantages in the cultivation of bamboo shoot shellfish: (1) high-temperature sterilization to ensure feed safety and health, without pathogens; (2) comprehensive nutritional value, according to the experimental design formula contains shellfish fish growth required Various minerals, vitamins and trace elements ensure the comprehensiveness of nutrient absorption of bamboo shell fish and help to increase the growth rate and resistance; (3) Elimination of anti-nutritional factors during production, full crushing of raw materials, and effective improvement of feed (4) Extruded feeds are buoyant and their properties are very stable. They do not dissolve when exposed to water for a long time. They can intuitively understand the amount of feeds and control the feeds in a highly efficient way. This saves the cost of breeding and prevents the feed from contaminating the quality of the water. Diseases occur; (5) The source and storage of feeds are very convenient, simple warehouses can be used, no cold storage facilities are needed, and the preservation cost is reduced.

Compared with traditional farming methods, the use of compound feed to feed bamboo shell fish has obvious advantages in saving costs, ensuring water quality, and reducing diseases, and is worth promoting. The base continued to strengthen basic research on the biology, digestive physiology, and nutrient physiology of Australian shell fish, and successfully tested the pond culture and domestication rearing at the end of 2009.

Australian shellfish fish feed acclimation technology circuit map Australian shellfish fish feed domestication is a gradual process, generally have to go through the process of food refusal, forced feeding, active food intake, to be patient, careful and perseverance to succeed. The process flow is as follows:

1. Selection of 4cm “Jinyanglai” Australian shellfish fry The selection of high-quality, non-polluted fry is the prerequisite for obtaining high quality, high yield and high efficiency; Australian shellfish are carnivorous fish, and their diet is specific. And habitual, feed domestication should sooner rather than later. When the seedlings grow to 4cm, the feeding and digestive organs have been basically perfected, and it is easy to domesticate at this time, and the survival rate is high.

2. The stocking stocking density is about 10000 tails/mu.

3. Set up a feed table above the pond. Set up a floating feed box in the water to avoid flow caused by wind flow and fish movements, causing floating of the floating feed to cause a waste of feed and bamboo shoot fish to feed around, affecting the domestication process.

4. Establish a feeding signal Before each feeding, create certain conditioned reverberation sounds (water splashing by hand or rhythmically tapping objects with wooden sticks), so that the Australian shellfish produce a feeding cluster before feeding.

5. Feeding live baits at regular time points to establish a good group feeding effect, change the chilled fish to fish. The predation characteristics of Australian shell fish are static ambush type, and after adopting specific feeding techniques, it is converted into ambush chase type. Finally, the formation of a fixed location clusters up grab food habits.

6. Whole-extremely expanded pellet feeds that were converted to add attractants gradually reduced the content of attractants, making Australian shellfish fish taste and visually adaptable to full-price buoyant extruded feeds.

7, 7-10 days of success in domestication, Australian shellfish fish floating up to grab the full price of extruded pellet feed habits, full-floating puffed feed feed, grasp the "slow - fast - slow" rhythm and "less --- More --- less "feeding amount, improve the feeding effect.

Qualitative: Once domesticated successfully, do not add small fish to feed, otherwise it will easily cause part of ingested puffed feed, and another part will ingest small fish, which will lead to domestication failure, and it will also be unfavorable for fish growth and encroaching.

Quantitative: The daily feeding amount is 2% - 5% of the fish's body weight, and it is advisable to eat within 1 hour. According to the weather, water temperature, water quality and the fish's feeding and activities, they should be flexibly adjusted and adjusted to their biological rhythms;

Timing: 5:00-6:00 accounted for 1/3, 18:00-19:00 accounted for 2/3 of the early and late Australian shellfish fish is particularly strong food intake, when the light is too strong or the temperature is too high, the intensity of feeding instead reduce;

Set point: Disperse more points, because Australian shell fish have a strong regional character, and only when the feed is near it suddenly burst forward and above the short distance.

8. Gradually divide and divide the ponds in time to screen and stockpile them in time to ensure that the same-size ponds are cultured in the same pool. This will not only prevent mutual killing and increase the survival rate, but also enable different specifications of bamboo shell fish to feed evenly to increase feed utilization.