First, the special habits
As a fish with benthic habitat, it has a relatively high adaptability. It lives in rivers, lakes, ponds, and Rice fields, and has the following characteristics:
1, burrowing; 2, hibernation; 3, oxygen tolerance; 4, wide temperature range.
Second, food
Astragalus is an omnivorous fish dominated by animal diets. Under wild conditions, it mainly preys on zooplankton (clasps, copepods, insects), aquatic insects and their larvae (such as chironomid larvae, etc.), silkworms, cockroaches, frogs, small fish, shrimps, snails, Storks, as well as land animals or small animals that fall into the water. It also eats organic detritus, filamentous algae, and planktonic algae. After domestication, it can also be fed with beverages, wheat bran, and rice. And can eat quail, maggots, mealworms, river fleas, snail meat, fish pulp, fresh silkworm pupa, cooked pig blood and a variety of animal organs. Feeding jaundice with a pelleted feed of mixed formula is also very effective.
Jaundice mainly relies on smell, touch and vibration to feed. When the food falls into the water or when the body of the animal is vibrated by live bait, the scallop swims to the bait, prey, and feeds it into the mouth. If the food is large, the body will continue to slowly swallow and swallow the food.
Compared with some other freshwater fish, Astragalus is more resistant to hunger. Under conditions of low water temperature, it is generally not easy to die 2 to 3 months of starvation. However, if the water temperature is high and the hunger is too long, it will also have serious consequences. According to experiments, young cubs were starved for a year and their body weight dropped significantly. The results are as follows: Between October of this year and January of the following year, the water temperature was lower, and the jaundice was in a hibernating state, and there was no change in body weight. From February to April, the water temperature was 7 to 17 degrees, and the body weight decreased by 10%; from May to June, the water temperature was 11~ 24 degrees, weight loss of 16.4%; July, water temperature 19.5 to 27 degrees, weight loss 14.3%; August, water temperature 18 to 28 degrees, weight loss 30%; September, water temperature 16.5 to 20 degrees, weight loss 4.76%.
Third, growth
The growth rate of Astragalus is affected by many factors such as variety, age, nutrition, health and ecological conditions. The overall situation is that it grows slowly under natural conditions. According to Tang Yuengeng, the average annual weight of wild scutellaria in Funan County, Chongqing is 10.6 plus or minus 2.25 grams; 1 the average weight of jaundice in winter is 16.4 plus or minus 2.42 grams; 2 the average weight of jaundice in winter is 32 plus or minus 9.24 grams; 3 The average weight of 64 positive and negative 13.15 grams; 4 average age of winter jaundice 123 positive and negative 19.11 grams; 5 average weight of winter jaundice 221.7 positive and negative 25.66 grams; 6 average weight of winter jaundice 361.7 plus or minus 7.82 grams.
Under artificial breeding conditions, coupled with the use of superior varieties and male fertilizer technology, its growth rate has greatly improved than the natural growth rate of wild astragalus. According to the experiment, the male seedlings that were produced that year were maleized and fed with sufficient feed, which allowed them to gain 250 grams in 5 months or so. The growth rate was several dozen times that of wild jaundice.
Fourth, the design and construction
Since the Astragalus can directly breathe the air in the natural world and does not rely entirely on dissolved oxygen in the water, the amount of water used for breeding of Astragalus is much lower than that of other fish. Tangshui, Tianshui, rivers, wells, tap water, etc. can all be used to raise jaundice. However, attention should be paid to the use of deep wells and tap water. Reservoirs should be built at the same time. Water can be used after exposure for 1 to 2 days to promote It releases harmful gases in the water to avoid harm.
1, the construction of earthen ponds
According to the Institute of Special Animals and Plants of South Anhui, the construction of raising earthen earthen ponds is to dig a deep mud pool of 70 to 100 centimeters. In order to save manpower, it is possible to dig about 40 centimeters deep, and then use the excavated mud to make rakes. Curved, the pool is covered with a thick layer of plastic film, and the bottom of the pool is covered with 20~30 cm thick mud. The shape of the pool depends on the specific conditions. The size of each pool is: 1 to 2 square meters of seed pond, 10 square meters of commercial pond, 4 to 10 square meters of seedling pool, and overflow holes in the middle of the pool. The inner wall of overflow hole is covered with gauze or screen. To prevent salmon from slipping out of the tube. In the pool, water plants (water lilies, duckweed, etc.) that cover half of the water surface can be placed. After the pool is built, the investment can be introduced.
2. There is a standard cement concrete pond built
If you plan to introduce a species, you must first cultivate a pond. Small pool is the best, each pool is only 1 to 2 square meters. The depth of the building is 80 cm, of which 60 cm underground and 20 cm above the ground. According to the situation can be built into a rectangle or square can be. The pool wall is made of single bricks. The bottom of the pool is laid with a layer of bricks. A brick is erected at the corner of the pool. After being smoothed with gray sand, it becomes a garden corner to prevent the sigmoid sigmoid of the yellow pods from interacting with right angles. And escape the pool. The inner wall of the tank is smoothed with cement mortar, and the bottom of the tank is only cemented with cement mortar. At the top of the pool wall, an inward probe brick is also erected to prevent the species from escaping. At the same time, overflow pipes and water inlet holes were installed in the plastic pipe at a height of 60 cm above the pool wall. The nozzles were covered with gauze nets to prevent them from being drilled out of the pipes.
After the Dianchi Lake is built, it should be filled with water to see its seepage. Generally, it will be considered qualified if the total pool water drops to about half the pool water for more than 3 days. If the water seepage is too fast, some cement mortar should be wiped at the bottom of the pool. After the water test, the pool water can be drained and spread into the soil. The deposited soil is best made of sticky and fertile pond or paddy mud. The mud is 40-60 cm deep, and a mud heap piles up in the pool. Planting rice or aquatic plants on the mud dumps, and this time, the breeding pond is completed.
If it is planned to introduce commodity seedlings or seedlings, the seeds and seedlings will also be put into the product pool for rearing. It is necessary to select and invest in the breeding ponds in the coming breeding season. Therefore, it is only necessary to construct the product Dianchi Lake.
There is a single construction of commodity Dianchi, but also built into pieces, generally each area of ​​about 6 to 10 square meters, with a rectangular as well. In order to save money, the pool wall is still set up to build bricks (with a wall thickness of 6 cm). In areas where the stone is convenient, it can also be built with slate, and the bottom of the pool is paved with flat bricks. The corners are rounded to prevent jaundice from escaping. An inward probe brick is built at the top of the pool wall to prevent escape and provide conditions for placing flower pots on the pool wall. Water inlets and drainage holes are provided at the height of about 60 cm in the wall of the pond. The water inlet hole may not be provided, and water is usually added to the pool. After the commodity pool is built, it should also be filled with water to test the water retention. After passing the test, the soil can be laid. The soil is 40-60 cm thick and muddy is piled up on it. Stacking loach helps to fix the living range of the jaundice, making it evenly distributed, and it can satisfy the habit of the yellow cricket preferring to drill a hole in the loach.
Commodity dipping ponds are designed in such a way that the ditches and loach in the pool basically take up half of each other. The loach and ditches are 30 to 40 centimeters wide. They are set at the inlet and outlet for convenience of water intake and water discharge. Into the ditch. The setting of the feeding table can be made of hard mud. Since the yellow locust has a tendency to collect the origin of the water flow, a feeding station can also be provided at the inlet hole. After the Dianchi Lake is built, the plants can be planted on the loach. According to the construction season of the Dianchi Lake, sowing of rice or transplanted seedlings or adult rice plants can be adopted. When rice is transplanted into a plant, it should be cut over 5 cm or more, so as not to cause a large number of yellow leaves to fall into the water and pollute the pool water due to changing seedlings after transplanting.
The earthless breeding of Astragalus has been adopted by more and more farmers in recent years. Its management is convenient and it is easy to catch, but its water consumption is slightly larger than that of the soil. Where the summer can guarantee a two-day exchange of water, can be used for feeding without soil. Its construction method is the same as standard Dianchi.
Note: No matter what kind of cement pool, you must first soak in water for 4~7 days. Drain the water and inject new water before planting the seedlings to avoid seedlings or pods producing silicate poisoning after entering the pond.
The size of the farms can be determined based on the following data: a. Breeding breeding ponds 0.5 m2 for each breeding pond; b. Breeding seedlings should be constructed with 2 m2 per kilogram; c. 2-3 square meters.
Fifth, breeding of species
The introduced species or self-selected species will be introduced into the breeding pond according to the male-male ratio before the breeding season arrives. The first three days of the pond will not be fed, and the first three days will be used for feeding first. After the food is normal, gradually add other feeds to make it as nutritious as possible.
6. Cultivation of Aberdeen
Tsai seedlings have poor adaptability to the environment. Before entering the pool, the water temperature in the nursery pool should be adjusted to be similar to the water temperature in the original pool or transport blank. The specific adjustment methods are introduced in detail in the relevant information in the future.
The seedlings that have just been produced rely on the nutrient life to absorb the yolk. During this period, no food can be fed. After 5 days, the yolk has basically been absorbed. At this time, the egg yolk can be fed. At first, about 30,000 yolks are fed to one egg yolk and gradually increased afterwards. The “No owed after eating, no food left†is should. After 3 days of feeding, a small amount of mash can be added to the egg yolk. The mash should be shredded. It can be added initially by 10% of the total amount, and then gradually increased until it is fed to the whole quail. According to the smooth swallowing, if Huang Xiaomiao bites the food and rotates on the surface of the water, it proves that the food is too large and can be finely cut. At the same time, the mealworms, quail meat, etc. are gradually added to the quail. The pool is filled with leeches for the seedlings to feed on their own.
When the seedlings grow to a length of 10 cm or more, they can be sorted by size, and the seedlings up to 15 cm in size can be selected and transferred to a fattening pond for rearing.
VII. Fast fattening of special oysters
Compared with other fish, Astragalus has a special side, it has a unique mutation characteristics, that is, the first half for the female, the latter half for the male, the female stage is very slow growth, and the female stage can be up to two years, the male stage is The rapid growth, to achieve the artificial fattening of Astragalus, first of all to overcome the difficulties of their sexual reversal, so that within a month or less to achieve the conversion from female to male. As there are very few experts engaged in the artificial breeding of Astragalus, the breeding technology has been under development, especially the male-fertilized astragalus, once known as a "global problem."
Our technical staff finally found a way to enable the rapid reversal of sexuality from female to male. Through this measure, combined with the use of specialties, the seedlings produced can grow to 350 grams in a year. , The right to use Huang Fei's fast fattening became a reality.
VIII. Disease prevention and control
Astragalus is a kind of aquatic animal with strong disease resistance. In breeding, we should pay attention to the physiological characteristics of Astragalus, and create a corresponding environment, you can significantly reduce or even avoid the incidence of jaundice. In aquaculture, attention should be paid to the following aspects.
1, the water temperature Huangqi intolerance of high temperatures above 30 degrees, therefore, in the summer should take appropriate measures (such as shelter shade, add water to cool, etc.), in order to avoid the high temperature induced jaundice.
2. Water temperature difference Like other fish fry, Astragalus membranaceus is more sensitive to changes in water temperature. If the water temperature difference is too large, it will induce colds and other physiological diseases. Therefore, in the conversion pool or water change, this problem should be paid attention to.
3. Food Any kind of animal eating food that spoils or spoils can easily lead to disease. Therefore, a good disease should be imported from the mouth and fed with fresh, hygienic feed to ensure the health of the jaundice.
4. Invasion of internal and external pathogenic bacteria starts from the animal's wound. Therefore, in the feeding and management, the operation should be careful to avoid injury to the jaundice, and at the same time do a good job of killing parasites so as to avoid invading bacteria due to parasite infiltration.
Astragalus culture should pay attention to prevention. At present, there are no special drugs for the treatment of rickets. Generally, fish medicines are often used, and the methods are the same as fish medicines.
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