1. Select appropriate varieties of autumn and winter to cultivate thick-skinned melons, which are mostly in July and August. During this period, the weather is hot and rainy. The air humidity in seedling stage is large, and melons are easy to infect a variety of diseases, especially viral diseases. Use varieties that are more resistant to viral disease and have a certain degree of adaptability to low temperatures and reduced sunshine hours in the late growth period.
In other words, the fruit can expand normally under lower temperature conditions. At the same time, in order to delay the supply period, resistant varieties should be selected.
2. Cultivation of disease-free and strong seedlings The cultivation of autumn melons and thick melons and the cultivation of strong seedlings are the key links. Comprehensive measures must be taken to shade, cool and prevent diseases and insects. Special attention should be paid to preventing the occurrence of viral diseases.
In autumn and winter, melons are often nursed with nutrients to protect the root system from damage, and to prevent or reduce the infection of virus diseases and other soil-borne pathogens. Direct sowing method can also be adopted. This method can avoid the damage to the root system caused by transplanting and reduce the chance of pathogen infection. At the same time, it can also reduce the transplanting time, shorten the growth period, and reduce the occurrence of virus diseases and other diseases. .
The nursery must be carried out in a large shed or a winter-warm greenhouse with high topography and dryness, good ventilation, and intact membranes. Resolutely avoid seedlings in the open air. In the greenhouse, only the top film is retained, and the film on the side can be rolled up to prevent rain and ventilation. It is better to install an insect net on the ventilation belt of the shed to prevent pests from entering the shed. It is also possible to shade the shading and raise the seedlings. The method is to make the seedbed a semi-high ten centimeters high above the ground, insert a bamboo raft arch above the raft, raise the height by about one meter, and only cover the top with a new plastic film (use old plastic film. Yitso Chang) can cover shading nets or cover wheat straw on the film from 10 am to 3 pm. The nutrient soil configuration and sowing method are the same as the spring nursery.
Seed management should pay attention to the following issues:
1 rain: autumn and winter melon seedlings is the key to rain, due to rain seedlings susceptible seedling virus disease and other diseases. The film used must be complete, and the bed should be high to prevent rain from pouring into the bowl from both sides.
2 Shade: In summer, the temperature is high and the water evaporates quickly. Proper shading can reduce the temperature and reduce the evaporation of water, which is conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings. However, when shading is not appropriate, it is easy to cause seedlings to grow. Therefore, shading should be performed from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. on a sunny day, and shades need not be shaded when cloudy or early morning and evening light are weak. A few days before planting, the seedlings should be given direct light to prevent the seedlings from growing taller.
3 strengthen ventilation: ventilation can reduce the temperature and humidity inside the shed. Not only prevent leggy seedlings, but also reduce the incidence of disease.
4 Watering: In summer, the temperature is high and the water evaporates quickly. It is not advisable to control the water excessively. Water should be properly watered when the seedbed is dry.
5 timely pest control: seedbed soil to be sprayed 500 times trichlorfon and chlorpromazine and other pesticides. Prevent and control underground pests and prevent soil-borne diseases. The seedling stage can be sprayed with 600 to 800 times of chlorothalonil. And combined with top dressing, with 0.2% urea plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate spray 1 or 2 times.
There are more aphids and whiteflies in the summer. They not only directly harm the seedlings, but also transmit viral diseases. Therefore, the seedling period should pay attention to spray control of aphids and whitefly 1 or 2 times, each time the seedbed spraying, spraying the crops and weeds around the seedbed at the same time to eliminate nearby insect sources. In spraying insecticides, it can be used in combination with spraying manure. This manure is a bio-organic fertilizer, which has a good effect on cultivating strong seedlings and improving the disease resistance and quality of melons, but it can not be mixed with bactericides and can be used together with insecticides. Mix the drug. It can be sprayed together with 300 times of Kane Bio Bio-organic fertilizer while controlling various pests.
3. Reasonable close planting and proper planting Generally speaking, melon cultivation in autumn and winter, the density should be thinner. Because melons grow in August and September, the temperature is high, rainfall is high, and humidity is high. It is a disease-prone period. If the planting density is too large during this period, the humidity in the field will increase and the disease will be difficult to control.
Therefore, the density of sweet and sour melons in autumn and winter is smaller than that in spring, and the number of early-maturing varieties is generally about 2,000, with no more than 2,200. Late-maturing varieties are generally about 1800, with no more than 2000 trees being the best.
Colonization must be timely, because the summer nursery, seedlings grow faster, planting too late, when the seedlings are too large, slow seedlings slow, will affect the growth and development. Generally 25 to 30 days after sowing, seedlings can be planted at the time of 3 leaves and 1 heart. Planting is best done in sunny afternoons or on cloudy days.
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