Fish defense cold damage practical technology
1. Fishing pond selection. Choose the leeward sunny winter (more than 2 meters) fishing ponds to naturally overwinter. Overwintering pool water should not be static for a long time, usually 20 days to 30 days exchange some pool water, change the pool water every time 1/4~1/5 to prevent pool water pollution.
2. Set the wind wall and avoid cold holes. In the north of the fishing pond, a 2-meter-high windshield can be constructed using straw or mud. The east-west slopes of the east and west sides are rounded to reduce the north wind. When the cold wave strikes, the water temperature does not drop significantly. A drainage ditch shall be built around the fishing pond to prevent the pool of stagnant water from flowing into the pool and reduce the pool water temperature. The wall of the north wind wall can be excavated from the bottom 40 centimeters from the bottom of the pool to a cold shelter of 2 meters in depth and 0.8 meters in diameter. The wall of the cave can be bricked or buried with ceramic tubes. When the cold wave strikes, the fish can hide in the shelter.
3. Build plastic film cold-proof greenhouses. On the basis of setting up the wind wall, a plastic greenhouse insulation is built on the fishing pond. Use a bamboo or wood along the edge of the pond to take a “person†shaped roof. The distance from the ground to the roof is about 2.5 meters. Cover with two plastic membranes and connect with the pool to form a sealing cover. The mud can be used to seal the membrane. Tilapia wintering ponds generally cover an area of ​​40 m2 to 100 m2. The depth of water is more than 2 meters. Cement pools and earthen ponds can be used. The stocking densities may depend on the water temperature, water quality, and water volume. Generally, 15 brood fish can be placed per cubic meter of water. 25 tails, or 300 fish species below 10 cm in size; in pools with better conditions, 30 to 40 tails of broodstock can be placed per cubic meter of water, and 400 to 500 tails of fish; flow pools can refer to high-density stocking rates of flow culture. It is advisable to keep the dissolved oxygen in the pool at 2 mg/l. When wintering occurs outdoors, the mortality rate can reach 70% to 80% without insulation measures. Therefore, under certain conditions, it is best to move into the indoor pool for wintering, or to cover the plastic shed in the outdoor pool for wintering. The stocking density is about 100 per square meter. If the management is good, the survival rate for overwintering can reach 80%. 90%. When the plastic film greenhouse is used for wintering, it can be covered with thick grass curtains at night or on rainy days to maintain the temperature inside the shed. On sunny days, straw huts and other objects should be opened to increase the temperature using solar energy. When the water temperature is too high, it should be ventilated and replaced with some new water. In the case of cold currents and cold water temperatures, the following warming measures may be taken: (1) Steam heating method: Add a stove next to the wintering pond, boil the water with a wok, and make steam from the lid of the special bamboo tube through the connected hose Into the winter pool, increase the pool temperature. (2) Infrared lamp warming method: In the above-mentioned wintering pool covered with a sealed plastic film greenhouse, one 250-watt infrared light bulb is installed per 35 square meters of water surface, 30 centimeters from the water surface, and a distance of about 60 centimeters above the bulb is fixed. Easy to dry thick paper or other absorbent material, to prevent the condensation of water vapor on the film into the water droplets, and the bulb burst or misfire. When the water temperature rises to 20°C, turn off the lights. The use of infrared heating benefits: infrared lamps, large heat, warming faster, less electricity, simple installation, as well as bactericidal effect, can prevent the occurrence of mildew Tilapia.
4. Regular, quantitative, qualitative delivery of fine material. Although the metabolic level of fish is low during the winter, it still needs to consume a lot of energy, so during the wintering period, feeding is still an indispensable task. The main purpose of wintering is not to increase the weight of the fish, but to prevent frostbite and death of the fish, and to maintain the health of the fish. In order to prevent the decline of winter fish stocks and enhance the fish's own stress resistance, we must work hard on the selection of feeds. Preparation of feed should pay attention to a comprehensive and reasonable nutrition, one-sided pursuit of high protein content and excessive growth rate, but should pay more attention to amino acid balance, adequate vitamins and trace elements to ensure the healthy growth of fish. For example, the feed protein content of tilapia during the wintering period can be lower, about 20%, but the energy content should be higher. It can be fed mainly with glutinous rice, bran, bean cake, malt, etc., and it is often used with some green foods. Ping, fresh leaves. In order to ensure safe wintering, it is necessary to strengthen its cultivation and improve its own resilience. Before and after overwintering, you need to replenish nutrients. First, you should strengthen the supplement of energy and protein: you can increase the fat content by 3% to 5%, and try to feed as much fresh feed as possible, and then add targeted vitamins. And calcium, phosphorus and so on. In winter, the lack of sunlight is likely to cause calcium deficiency. In order to increase yolk deposition, more phosphorus is needed. The requirement for most of the B vitamins, vitamins A, D, E, and choline during the wintering period is greater than during the normal feeding period. Therefore, these substances should be increased in an appropriate amount to improve the cold resistance and enhance the resistance to disease. Prevent fat metabolism.
5. If the water temperature suddenly drops, it should be immediately replaced by water or other warming measures. The invasion of cold waves often leads to continuous low temperature and rain, which can easily lead to deterioration of water quality in ponds and pond fish. Some “Lao Shui†pond oysters and squid are susceptible to anchor head lining. In addition to changing water, diligently opening aerators, and regularly applying microbial preparations to improve water quality, insecticides must be promptly applied for effective prevention and control. To prevent the spread of pests and other spread.
2. Set the wind wall and avoid cold holes. In the north of the fishing pond, a 2-meter-high windshield can be constructed using straw or mud. The east-west slopes of the east and west sides are rounded to reduce the north wind. When the cold wave strikes, the water temperature does not drop significantly. A drainage ditch shall be built around the fishing pond to prevent the pool of stagnant water from flowing into the pool and reduce the pool water temperature. The wall of the north wind wall can be excavated from the bottom 40 centimeters from the bottom of the pool to a cold shelter of 2 meters in depth and 0.8 meters in diameter. The wall of the cave can be bricked or buried with ceramic tubes. When the cold wave strikes, the fish can hide in the shelter.
3. Build plastic film cold-proof greenhouses. On the basis of setting up the wind wall, a plastic greenhouse insulation is built on the fishing pond. Use a bamboo or wood along the edge of the pond to take a “person†shaped roof. The distance from the ground to the roof is about 2.5 meters. Cover with two plastic membranes and connect with the pool to form a sealing cover. The mud can be used to seal the membrane. Tilapia wintering ponds generally cover an area of ​​40 m2 to 100 m2. The depth of water is more than 2 meters. Cement pools and earthen ponds can be used. The stocking densities may depend on the water temperature, water quality, and water volume. Generally, 15 brood fish can be placed per cubic meter of water. 25 tails, or 300 fish species below 10 cm in size; in pools with better conditions, 30 to 40 tails of broodstock can be placed per cubic meter of water, and 400 to 500 tails of fish; flow pools can refer to high-density stocking rates of flow culture. It is advisable to keep the dissolved oxygen in the pool at 2 mg/l. When wintering occurs outdoors, the mortality rate can reach 70% to 80% without insulation measures. Therefore, under certain conditions, it is best to move into the indoor pool for wintering, or to cover the plastic shed in the outdoor pool for wintering. The stocking density is about 100 per square meter. If the management is good, the survival rate for overwintering can reach 80%. 90%. When the plastic film greenhouse is used for wintering, it can be covered with thick grass curtains at night or on rainy days to maintain the temperature inside the shed. On sunny days, straw huts and other objects should be opened to increase the temperature using solar energy. When the water temperature is too high, it should be ventilated and replaced with some new water. In the case of cold currents and cold water temperatures, the following warming measures may be taken: (1) Steam heating method: Add a stove next to the wintering pond, boil the water with a wok, and make steam from the lid of the special bamboo tube through the connected hose Into the winter pool, increase the pool temperature. (2) Infrared lamp warming method: In the above-mentioned wintering pool covered with a sealed plastic film greenhouse, one 250-watt infrared light bulb is installed per 35 square meters of water surface, 30 centimeters from the water surface, and a distance of about 60 centimeters above the bulb is fixed. Easy to dry thick paper or other absorbent material, to prevent the condensation of water vapor on the film into the water droplets, and the bulb burst or misfire. When the water temperature rises to 20°C, turn off the lights. The use of infrared heating benefits: infrared lamps, large heat, warming faster, less electricity, simple installation, as well as bactericidal effect, can prevent the occurrence of mildew Tilapia.
4. Regular, quantitative, qualitative delivery of fine material. Although the metabolic level of fish is low during the winter, it still needs to consume a lot of energy, so during the wintering period, feeding is still an indispensable task. The main purpose of wintering is not to increase the weight of the fish, but to prevent frostbite and death of the fish, and to maintain the health of the fish. In order to prevent the decline of winter fish stocks and enhance the fish's own stress resistance, we must work hard on the selection of feeds. Preparation of feed should pay attention to a comprehensive and reasonable nutrition, one-sided pursuit of high protein content and excessive growth rate, but should pay more attention to amino acid balance, adequate vitamins and trace elements to ensure the healthy growth of fish. For example, the feed protein content of tilapia during the wintering period can be lower, about 20%, but the energy content should be higher. It can be fed mainly with glutinous rice, bran, bean cake, malt, etc., and it is often used with some green foods. Ping, fresh leaves. In order to ensure safe wintering, it is necessary to strengthen its cultivation and improve its own resilience. Before and after overwintering, you need to replenish nutrients. First, you should strengthen the supplement of energy and protein: you can increase the fat content by 3% to 5%, and try to feed as much fresh feed as possible, and then add targeted vitamins. And calcium, phosphorus and so on. In winter, the lack of sunlight is likely to cause calcium deficiency. In order to increase yolk deposition, more phosphorus is needed. The requirement for most of the B vitamins, vitamins A, D, E, and choline during the wintering period is greater than during the normal feeding period. Therefore, these substances should be increased in an appropriate amount to improve the cold resistance and enhance the resistance to disease. Prevent fat metabolism.
5. If the water temperature suddenly drops, it should be immediately replaced by water or other warming measures. The invasion of cold waves often leads to continuous low temperature and rain, which can easily lead to deterioration of water quality in ponds and pond fish. Some “Lao Shui†pond oysters and squid are susceptible to anchor head lining. In addition to changing water, diligently opening aerators, and regularly applying microbial preparations to improve water quality, insecticides must be promptly applied for effective prevention and control. To prevent the spread of pests and other spread.
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