There are two reasons for the fruit drop of the persimmon tree: one is the physiological drop caused by the physiological disorder of the persimmon tree; the other is the fruit drop caused by the pest. Either way, serious economic losses may occur in individual years.
First, the reason of physiological fruit drop
1, malnutrition, nutrient imbalance during the falling fruit shoots continue to grow, nourishing the consumption of new growth shoots, prompting fruit drop. Incomplete flower bud differentiation causes early fruit drop.
2, poor pollination Some varieties do not need pollination, such as a large grinding disc, varieties with this characteristic is not easy to physiological fruit drop. However, some varieties, especially most of the sweet persimmon varieties in Japan, must be equipped with pollination trees, otherwise the fruits will not develop and early fruit drop will be severe. If the flowering season is affected by rain and rain, it will be easy to drop fruits when pollination is affected.
3. Unreasonable tree structure The tall trees, dense branches, and poor ventilation and light transmission affect the accumulation of organic nutrients in the shoots, causing the growth of the trees to be weak, so that the fruits on the branches are easy to fall off.
4. Insufficient fertilizer and water The soil is dry for a long time, the soil is poor, the absorption of fertilizer and water is difficult, resulting in more fruit drop. When the soil moisture is high, the absorption capacity of the root is reduced. Even if more fertilizer is applied, the tree is difficult to absorb and use, and the supply of nutrients is insufficient. Falling fruit.
5. The impact of rainfall on the pre-fall of persimmon is related to rainfall, and rainfall is often more than fruit drop. This is due to the lack of sunshine due to rainfall and the weakening of photosynthesis, which has caused some of the fruits in unfavorable nutrients to fail to get sufficient nutrients and fall off.
Second, due to pests and diseases caused by fruit drop
1. Severe damage to the persimmon worms Persimmon worms are pests that specifically harm the persimmons, and generally cause damage to the pods before and after harvest, resulting in soft persimmon shedding and affecting the yield of the peasants.
2. The damage of persimmon tree beetles, also called tree shrew, is very harmful to persimmon trees and often causes serious fruit drop.
3, anthrax hazards generally in September a large number of disease, causing fruit drop.
Third, prevent persimmon tree falling fruit countermeasures
1. Strengthen fertilizer and water management Maintain the robust growth of the tree and enhance the ability of leaf assimilation so as to adjust the distribution of nutrients inside the shoot and alleviate the conflict between growth and results.
2. Appropriate pruning, especially to strengthen summer pruning, remove useless and redundant shoots, promote ventilation, light transmission, ensure adequate lighting conditions, remove water in the rainy season, timely irrigation in the dry season, maintain vigorous tree growth, fruit development .
3, appropriate mixed pollination varieties Persimmon most of the species only female flowers, although mixed with male varieties, but after all, there are only a few, in order to effectively use the pollination tree male flowers, artificial pollination, due to different environmental climate, After the opening of the persimmon flower, the artificial pollination should be divided into 3 to 4 times. The pollination can be reliable and can effectively prevent physiological fruit drop.
4. Flowering girdling Giving girdling to the trunk or main branch of a robust tree not only promotes flower bud differentiation, has earlier results, but also reduces physical fruiting and early fruit ripening. The suitable period of circular peeling is usually carried out at half of the persimmon blossom. If the period is too late or the peeling width is too large, then the wound healing is difficult, resulting in weakening of the tree vigor, even whole branches or whole plant withered, and the peeling width is limited to 1.5 cm. To form a layer of degree. Although peeling has many advantages, it should not be carried out every year. Otherwise, it is easy to make the tree vigor more debilitating and shorten the life span. In addition, fertilizer and water supply will be strengthened after girdling.
5, prevention and control of pests and diseases on anthrax, spray 4 to 5 Baume degrees before the germination of lime sulfur agent, in mid-June, in mid-August, each spray Bordeaux more than once. Kakitsuki was shaved in winter to remove the Shiki remaining on the tree for centralized destruction. In mid-late and late August and late August, timely removal of larvae harmful fruit, have been dropped to pick up the net, buried together, so as to reduce the risk of the next or second year. Persimmon flower sprouts are germinated with 48% of Lethbone 1000-1500 times, and after ten days of flowering, 1.8% of avermectin is 4000-5000 times, which can effectively control scale insects and increase fruit set rate.
6, the application of regulators and foliar spray or young fruit spray 500ppm of gibberellin, a single spray or add 1% urea to prevent fruit drop effectively.
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