Mineral elements play an important regulatory role in the life activities of the organism. Although they have very little content in the body, if they do not pay attention in actual production, they are prone to deficiency or poisoning, resulting in reduction or reduction of animal production performance. The animal was killed and caused huge economic losses. This article will briefly describe the lack of mineral elements and poisoning in dairy cows.
calcium
The lack of performance of the cow's unresponsiveness, lethargy, long-term lack of cause hindquarter tremors, weak limbs and weakness. Subclinical hypocalcemia leads to stillbirth and retention of the placenta. Milk fever is a major calcium deficiency that affects the dairy industry.
Toxic bone sclerosis, ridge push stiffness and metaplastic osteoarthritis. Reduce the digestion of fat and cause the calcium retention of bone and myocardium to transfer.
phosphorus
Lack of performance reduces feed intake and milk production, weight loss, lethargy, growth arrest, impaired reproduction (resting estrus, low fertility), and skeletal abnormalities. Increase the incidence of metritis and reduce the body's immunity. Clinical manifestations are similar to cobalt deficiency. Severely caused by animal puppies. Phosphorus deficiency slows animal performance faster than calcium deficiency.
Toxicity Relative to a certain amount of calcium, phosphorus excess causes cartilage, depression, and urinary stones. Regardless of the level of calcium, the maximum tolerance of phosphorus is about 1.0% of the diet.
copper
The lack of expression of colorless or faded fur, growth retardation, diarrhea and sudden death without warning. Lowering milk productivity and bull sperm quality, increasing the incidence of stomach ulcers, the calf can not suckle milk, ataxia, gait stiffness, opisthotonos and the back of the body can not afford to lie down. Bone abnormalities, ruptured wounds, plantar ulcers, rotted hooves, impaired keratinization and rough coats. Cardiovascular disease and immune response are reduced.
Toxic manifestations of depression, anorexia, frequent lying down, abdominal discomfort, jaundice and reduced milk production. Hemolytic crisis, hemoglobinuria, and hemoglobinemia. Long-term over-exposure causes variation in milk flavor and reduces the utilization of sulfur in rumen microorganisms, thereby reducing production capacity.
selenium
There is a lack of sudden death from heart failure that manifests as a severe white muscle disease, diarrhea, muscle rigidity, and no signs of aura. In particular, the lying cows are unable to lie and are similar to the symptoms of milk fever.
Lack of performance a critical fetal clothing, miscarriage, weakness, stillbirth, lethargy, can not stand, ovarian cysts, metritis, delayed conception, migration, weakness, static estrus, and low reproductive rates. Obstructed growth and reduced immunity.
Toxic to fatigue, loss of appetite, difficulty breathing and death. Rickets, alkalosis, hair removal, cracking or deformed limbs.
iodine
Lack of reproductive performance, estrus inhibition, stillbirth, abortion, prolonged pregnancy more than 9 days, no hair or weak birth, no placenta, goiter, reduce milk production, easy to suffer from rot, respiratory disease, mastitis, pay off Mycosis.
Toxicity is prone to anorexia, multiple paralysis, hyperthermia, cough, bronchial pneumonia, and abortion.
Zinc
The lack of clinical manifestations of performance mainly occurs in yak, and subclinical deficiencies are more likely to occur in adult cattle. Shows weak hooves, interdigital dermatitis or rot, reduces the rate of conception, severely impairs sperm maturation, reduces feed intake and growth rate, sleepiness, decreased immunity, and parakeratosis.
Toxic calves are prone to irritations, such as incessant calling, increased milk consumption, diarrhea, polyuria after pica, and loss of appetite, submandibular edema, and emaciation. Visual disturbances, irritability and arrhythmia, then stiffness, nystagmus, and lack of sensitivity. Adult cows have increased susceptibility to arthritis and milk fever.
manganese
The lack of performance of static estrus, reduced pregnancy rates, miscarriage, reduced birth weight, increased bull birth rates, delirium, and bone damage.
Toxicity reduces appetite and growth rate, anemia and abdominal discomfort, miscarriage and ovarian abscess.
magnesium
Lack of performance irritability, tremor, foaming at the mouth, sensation of allergies, paralysis, ataxia and death.
Toxicity reduces feed intake, growth is blocked, diarrhea and weight loss. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels increase, while serum calcium levels decrease.
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