IV. Breeding of Astragalus in recent years With the development of the aquaculture industry, the culture of Astragalus membranaceus has been monotonously reared in the ponds of the past, and many new breeding methods and techniques have emerged. This enables the aquaculture industry to implement a three-dimensional development of multi-component composite structures, and also serves as a hybrid. Raise mutual promotion and improve the economic benefits per unit area. Now select several representative farming methods as follows.
(1) Cement ponds There are concrete ponds for ecologically cultivated earthworms, which can be maintained in 3 to 5 ponds, and can also be raised in contiguous ponds to a certain breeding scale. Use a small amount of shallow plants such as lotus root or oyster mushrooms in the pond to form an ecological pond. This method does not require frequent water changes and the water quality is always in good condition. The nutrient in the pool water can be exchanged with the soil at any time. The plants growing in the pool can absorb nutrients in the water to prevent the water from becoming too fat. The stems and leaves remain in the hot summer season. Shade can be shaded, so as to create a good ecological environment for the growth of Astragalus, and increase the yield and economic benefits per unit area. In general, pods of 10 to 15 centimeters (10 to 15 centimeters) per square meter are placed on 3-4 kilograms (120 to 150 tails), and their size is strictly separated. Although it is not necessary to constantly change the water, the ecological rearing should be changed once every 7-10 days in spring and autumn, and replaced by water once every 4-5 days in summer. The amount of water is changed by 1/3 each time to facilitate water quality without fertilizer. Corrupt, live and not light.
(2) Compared with the method of raising the soil without water in the cement pool, this method has the advantages of rapid growth, low cost, high yield, and convenient catching. If you choose to build a pool where there is a long period of running water, it is better to have warm running water and try to adjust and control the water temperature so that the yellow locust grows at a suitable temperature. The rearing tank is made of cement and brick. The outdoor pool is 2 meters wide and 3 meters long. In the room it is 1 meter wide, 2 meters long or 2 meters wide and 2 meters long. The wall of the pool is about 40 centimeters high, and each of the inlet and outlet diameters of 3-4 centimeters in diameter is provided with one overflow hole, the inlet hole is 25 centimeters higher than the bottom, and the drainage hole is equal to the bottom of the pool. The overflow hole is 20 cm above the bottom of the pool, on the same side as the drainage hole. Hole metal mesh cover to prevent escape. Such as large-scale farming, a number of pools can be used for juxtaposition, rows of pools can be grouped together, between row and row, and set into the ditch on one side, 25 cm higher than the bottom of the pool and 15-30 cm wide (depending on the pool Depending on how much it is, there is a drainage ditch on the
Other side, which is 5-10 cm below the bottom of the pool and 15-30 cm wide. The outer pool wall is built around the entire pool, 80-100 cm high. With a total intake and total outlet. After the rearing pond is constructed, close the main drain, fill it with water for more than one week, dry the water, and then plug the bottom drain hole. Irrigation depth of 15 cm, to maintain micro-water flow in the small pool, will be directly into the pod species, 4-5 kg ​​per square meter, can be placed large specifications, small specifications can be put more. This method of feeding, due to the fresh water, feed must be sufficient. When feeding, feeds will be stacked at the inlet and the oysters will compete for food. Feeding management refers to feeding management in front. We must also step up inspections and pay attention to ensuring the smooth flow of water, paying special attention to the non-blocking of overflow holes. Always remove residue dirt.
(c) The cages are raised in the small pits where the animals are raised, and it is not easy to prevent the yellow puppets to escape from the hole. The one-time investment in the cement pool is relatively high. There are farmers who use cages to raise yellow soil. The cost of its civil construction dropped from about RMB 10 per square meter of concrete pool to about RMB 2 per square meter. The earthen ponds need not be too deep, 1.2-1.5 meters deep, and the size of the cage depends on the size of the pond. The cages are made of polyethylene material. The size of the eyes of the dense eyes can not be escaped from the eel's eyes. The bottom of the pond and the surrounding area are covered with 40 cm thick soil, earthworms and other aquatic plants. The cages are stocked. Hey. After disinfection, the cage is sterilized and the density is controlled at 2-3 kilograms per square meter. In the growth period of Astragalus, the water depth can generally be maintained at about 10-15 cm; in winter, it can prevent freezing and damage, and deepen the water level to 50-60 cm. If it is a low-lying pond, the best net is also higher than the pond, and it is supported by a pile. How much higher than the pool level depends on the maximum level during the summer flood season.
(D) cages without soil water to raise leeches due to the higher water quality requirements of Astragalus, the general breeding methods of low stocking density, which directly restricts the increase in aquaculture production and efficiency; the use of cages to raise water, increase stocking density, there is very High economic efficiency. This method has high technical content and high risk, so it is not described in detail.
(5) Cultivation of rice in paddy fields Cultivation of rice bran in paddy fields is low in cost and easy to manage. It not only increases rice production, but also increases fish production. It is one of the measures for farmers to become rich. In general, paddy fields raise 0.5-2.5 kilograms of astragalus per square meter; rice production can be increased by 6%-25%. The method of introduction is as follows. 1. The fields where the paddy fields are not used up and which are not flooded can be used. An area of ​​less than 1,000 square meters is appropriate. Water depth can be maintained about 10 cm. Paddy field around the use of cement slabs 7040 square centimeters, convergence block encirclement, cement slabs and ground 90 angle, the lower part of the insertion of about 20 cm in the soil. If it is extensive, just increase the height and width of the ridge to prevent escape. The paddy fields open a ditch along the fields, and Tian Zhong has to dig the “wells, fields, and ten†shaped fish ditch. The ditch is generally 30 cm wide and 30 cm deep. In the center of the field or at the water inlet of the field, dig a water slide of about 4% of the paddy field and a depth of 50 cm. All ditch must communicate. After digging and digging, the seedlings can be transplanted into the ditch. Intake and outfalls should be well-preserved fish facilities to prevent escape. Paddy fields are farmed in various forms and can be referenced to muddy rice fields. 2. Stocking and managing stocking species, put 10 to 20 tails (1-2 kg) per square metre at about 50 grams, and stock 30 to 40 tails (1.5 to 2 kilos) at 25 grams per square metre. After transplanting, the seedlings will be stocked after turning green. Paddy field management should be combined with rice growth management. Take "previous paddy field, multiple sun drying, dry wet and dry irrigation method later". That is, the water depth of the early growth paddy fields was kept at 10 cm. When the sun began to grow, the carp was introduced into the fish. After the field was finished, water was applied and the water depth was maintained at 10 cm until the jointing booting of the rice. From the start of the jointing and booting period to the milk ripening stage, the water depth was kept 6 cm, and irrigation and open field were alternately carried out until October. The depth of the ditch and ditch during the open field is about 15 cm. During the cultivation period, check the water inlet and outlet regularly, block the watertight plug and escape the jaundice. 3. Feeding and cultivating live baits The feeding of rice fields is different from other farming methods. The type of feed that is fed is the same as the general culture method. Different methods of feeding are required and they are required to be dropped into the gutter or near the inlet. Paddy field can also collect and cultivate live bait on the spot; for example, trap insects: use 30-40 watt black light, or fluorescent lamp to attract insects to feed fish. The two sides of the lamp tube are equipped with a piece of 0.2m wide glass. One end is 2 centimeters away from the water surface, the other end is at an angle of 45 o'clock. When the moth rushes to the black light, it hits the glass and crashes into the water. For fattening lice: Two or three plastic bowls are used to contain human feces and cooked pig blood. When placed in a paddy field, there will be fly spawning. After the maggot grows up, it will fall out and fall into the water. Mink culture: Collect the seed source in the wild gully, dig the shallow gurgling water in the water inlet, the bottom of the pool must have humus mud, keep the water depth a few centimeters, regularly spread the fermented organic fertilizer, and the water gills will multiply. Terrestrial culture see rear breeding methods. 4. Fertilizer base fertilizer was applied before the field of Pingtian, according to the amount of rice fields commonly used in farmyard fertilizer; seedlings returned to green before topdressing urea and potash fertilizer before 1 times, the amount of land use per square meter of urea 3 grams, 7 grams of potash. Before heading and flowering, one-time application of human feces was carried out. The dosage per square meter was 1 kg of pig manure and 0.5 kg of human excrement. In order to avoid seedling growth and burning seedlings, the formation of human and animal manure is mainly applied to the gutter on the side of the field and the gutter, and it is mixed with the silt in the bottom of the ditch.
(6) Yard-type Astragalus rearing rearing ponds next to the family homes in the courtyard, and the suitable platform for the construction of pools should be selected on the platform of the rooftops for local conditions. If you choose the earthen pond, use linoleum or plastic cloth to pave the bottom of the pool and the wall of the pool. The crevices will stick firmly to prevent the yellow locust from fleeing. Spread 30 cm soil and inject 20 cm deep water. It is better to have an overflow outlet in the rearing pond and use a dense net to make the escape prevention facilities. The species requires a tail weight of about 25 g (ie 40/kg) and a stocking density of 2.5 kg/m2. If there is plenty of fresh water in the bait, the micro-fluid water is often used, and the density can be increased appropriately.
(7) Dipping stalks and rearing stalks There are two advantages to immersing stalks in the rearing ponds. The first is to provide a better habitat for the squid and to avoid entanglement between the squid. The second is to provide a good breeding ground for all kinds of fish feed, to solve some of the animal feed in the breeding of Astragalus. The specific approach is as follows: choose a brick-headed, cement-built water tank with a water depth of 1 meter and an area of ​​20 square meters (benevolence is more favorable for soil quality), and lay a layer of 15 cm thick fertilizer on the bottom of the pool. In the mud, spread a layer of straw, such as a straw or wheat straw, with a thickness of 10 centimeters. Cover a few rows of cornices to become a nest inhabited by the yellow praying mantis. Then store 40 centimeters of deep water. After a week, produce a lot of water. Insects are ready for stocking. Stocking 3-4 kilograms per square metre species, specifications in the 30-40 tail / kg. Feeds to feed should be reduced.
(8) It is better to use the bottom of the concrete for the mixed ponds of the yellow peony, the oyster, and the taro. The middle of the pool is 40 cm high with the 1/2 area of ​​the pool, and the other 1/2 is the maximum water level of 30 cm. The minimum must not be less than 10 cm. Fertilizers are used to fertilize the soil in the soil, and the soil surface is cultivated. The carp drills into the earth during the day and feeds it at night. The carp is not only the live bait of the carp, but also the loose soil to help the carp grow. The stems and leaves of the steamed bun can be shaded in the summer, and the waste of the yellow carp is the fertilizer of the steamed bun. Symbiosis and mutual benefit. Per square meter of water surface (not counting the area of ​​earthworms), 3-4 kg of fish were put. The cultivation of earthworms is based on co-production. If you do not have enough food, you can feed other bait properly.
(9) Flowing water co-feeding This breeding method has a good quality of water and has excellent live bait feed for yellow clams to feed on. Therefore, cicadas are not susceptible to disease, rapid growth, high yield, and good economic returns. Choose a place where there is a constant flow of water. Brick cement pool, with an area of ​​30-100 square meters. The pool wall is 80-100 cm high, with inlets and outlets at the opposite corners, all equipped with anti-escape equipment. In the pool piles of several 1.5-meter-wide, 25-cm-thick soil ridges, with a distance of 20 cm between the ridge and the ridge, and a distance of 20 cm around the pool wall. The soil must be rich in organic matter in order to facilitate the breeding of quail, yellow burrows and holes. After the mound is well maintained, keep the water depth in the pool 5-10 cm, then enlarge the level 2 2.5-3 kg per square meter of soil area, and spread the 4-5 cm thick fermented cow dung on the surface. Let the quail breed. Afterwards, scrape off the cow dung that was eaten by the upper layer every 3-4 days. Add 4-5 kilograms of new fermented cow dung per square metre. In this way, after 14 days or so, a large number of quail species can be planted. The stocking density depends on the species size, and is calculated on the basis of the entire pond, including breeding area, of 30-40 pieces per kilogram, 4 kilograms per square meter, 40 kilograms per kilogram, and 3 kilograms per square meter. After the quail species is put in, the water depth in the pool is maintained at about 10 centimeters, and microfluidic water is maintained. After 3-4 days, the old cow dung is scraped off and then 4-5 kilograms of fermented cow dung is added per square meter. , to ensure that quail continue to breed, for squid to feed themselves in the soil, no longer feed other feed.
(j) Lotus roots, cockroaches and catfish ecosystems are also known as lotus ponds. There are many zoobenthos, aquatic insects, small mollusks, crustaceans, zooplankton and lower and higher aquatic plants. Space can be used to implement three-dimensional breeding. The reconstruction of the pond was constructed with reference to the former Dianchi Lake. Only the bottom of the pond is thicker than the general rearing pond, at 30-40 cm, and mixed with a certain amount of plant stalks and pigs, cows and chicken manure. Water depth is maintained at 20-50 cm. In the spring, the pod species should be reduced accordingly, generally 200-250 kilograms per mu, and about 1 kilogram per square metre, about 30 larvae per kilogram, and bream per kg. 10-15 tails are put on one square meter, and about 10 tails per square meter are added around June. Huang Shuguang is not enough to rely on natural live baits and he has to feed some animal food. The squid eats zooplankton and periodically sprinkling fermented manure water into the pond. During the period from May to September, it splashes once a month, each time using 50-100 kg per mu. V. Astragalus feeding, feeding, and male domesticating techniques (A) The bait feed is the live bait most favored by the astragalus. It must be able to ensure that there is enough live bait in the growing season. The farmers should adapt to local conditions, according to the region’s The situation arranges bait feeds for different seasons. There are generally the following methods: 1. The rational arrangement of breeding “mouth lice†provides some feed for raising oysters through the transformation of the food chain. In the early spring, some quails can be introduced into the jaundice pond, cultivating small leeks, or putting some white leeks and mud lice. Relieve the risk of death caused by the entanglement of squid and breed on your own. In addition, stock some lions at the bottom of the pool. The scutellaria can eat meat and shells and even swallow it. 2. The collection and breeding of earthworms is a favorite live bait for salmon. The increase in the weight of salmon by more than 60% depends on the feeding of earthworms. There is a large demand for raising fish. Manual collection alone cannot meet the needs. You can use the poolside open space for artificial breeding. 3. Fishing of miscellaneous fish, prawn snails and clams Fish and shrimp are caught in creeks, ditches, and lake trout. Large ones are sold and eaten, and small ones are used to feed sturgeon. Snails and locusts are widely distributed, and they can only be picked up by larvae or pupa. The caught small fish and shrimp were chopped and fed; the snails were shelled and minced or minced for supplementary feed sources. 4. Harvesting of otter and rotifers In the early morning of the morning, use a dense cloth net (plankton No. 25) in a ditch or water-rich pond. Pick up the dirt and feed it. 5. The collection of fly maggots and breeding fly maggots can not only be collected but also cultivated on their own. For example, hang some pig intestines, fish intestines, and carrion on the pool and allow them to rot and deteriorate on their own. After being bitten by flies, they will fall into the pool for bait. 6. Reasonable use of leftovers in slaughterhouses Waste from livestock and poultry such as blood, heart and lungs, and internal organs are collected, rinsed and shredded or minced and cooked and fed. 7. The preparation of fresh soymilk contains more protein in soymilk, so feeding fresh soymilk can also alleviate the lack of carp bait. 8. Feed Tenebrio Tenebrio is a good feed for Astragalus mongolicus, especially pups, easy to raise, just wheat bran and cabbage leaves. About 2 kg of wheat bran under normal culture conditions can produce 0.5 kg of fresh mealworm. 9. Recycling of silkworm cocoons Silk cocoons purchased from cocoon silk factories are dried and thrown into the cocoon ponds for better feeding effect. 10. Extension of fruits, vegetables, bean cakes, cakes, rice bran, bran, etc. Although these plant foods have no significant increase in body weight after eating, they can also be used in emergency situations where the catfish staples are disjointed. The method of delivery is: cutting fruits and vegetables into strips and feeding them in a filamentous manner. Bean cake, vegetable cake, rice bran and bran were directly fed, and the feeding rate was 1%-3%. With the development of astragalus aquaculture, the use of whole artificial compound feed to feed Astragalus has also begun. There are many feed companies that sell Astragalus's compound feeds; they also use catfish compound feeds to feed Astragalus, according to some of the conservation farmers, Good results after eating. (II) Management of Huangqi's maintenance Huangpi has a large seasonal difference in sales throughout the year. Therefore, there are many professional Huanghe farmers in the outskirts of the city; generally, Huangqi is acquired from August and it is sold for sale before and after the Spring Festival. Support must also have technology, otherwise there will be a large number of deaths of the yellow eel. The following describes the maintenance technology. 1. Preparations before feeding (1) Sterilization of carcasses Carcasses should be disinfected before entering the pool. See section on disease prevention for disinfection methods. (2) Maintenance density The nutrient density should be comprehensively considered based on the quality of the bottom soil, water quality, physical and chemical factors, and the management skills of the raiser. The general density (8-10 tails/kg) is about 10-25 kg/m2. If it is the first time raising or lack of experience, the density of larvae should be appropriately reduced. On the contrary, it can be increased appropriately. (3) When entering a pooling method When there are a large number of fishes, you can use the day-to-day classification for multiple inputs. Put the larger individual first, wait until all the large individuals have entered the soil, and then put them into the general individual, and put them into smaller individuals. In the rearing process, catching or buying Astragalus can enter the pool at any time after being sterilized. When releasing, try to make the whole pool of Astragalus evenly distributed. Effectively grasp the density. 2. Maintenance Management The management period starts from the day when the fish is released into the pool (usually in mid-to-late November) before and after the Spring Festival. In the pre-management stage, the water temperature is between 10-15°C, and the astragalus is still feeding. At this time, it is necessary to manage the feeding, water quality, and disease prevention. When the temperature of the water drops below 10°C, it will enter hibernation. When the water temperature is below 5°C, winterization and frost protection management is required. (1) During the pre-federal period, Huang Xie administers fresh animal feed. The most popular food oysters, fly maggots, and river fleas are best fed with these fresh foods. Feeding is usually done after 2-3 days. The first feeding amount is 1%-2% of the total weight of quail. On the next day, if the feed is basically consumed, the feeding amount can increase to 2%-4% of the total weight. If there is more surplus, then Appropriately reduce the amount of feeding. Feeding amount is often adjusted according to changes in water temperature. The water temperature can be high, and the water temperature should be low or low. In the long-term hunger, Huang Huan has habits of self-neutral eating, so feeding must be sufficient. In the rearing stage, fresh feed must be provided to feed the feed, and residual baits should be removed in a timely manner to add fresh water to prevent infectious diseases and prevent water damage. The feeding principle is to feed more on sunny days, less on cloudy days, and less on rainy days. Feeding should be adhered to until the astragalus completely refuses to eat so that it can effectively prevent the jaundice from falling out during feeding. (2) Overwintering management In the late autumn and early winter, when the water temperature dropped below 10°C, the yellow locusts stopped feeding and started drilling 20-40 centimeters under the mud for hibernation. At this time, winter protection work must be done. The main method is to drain the pool water and keep the soil moist and clean. In rainy days and snowy days, drainage and snow removal work must be done well, and there should be no accumulation of water or snow in the pool. Before freezing cold comes, a layer of hay must be covered to prevent freezing. During hibernation, do not walk around or accumulate heavy objects in Dianchi, so as to avoid compaction of underground tunnels, resulting in blockage of ventilation and affecting the respiration of Astragalus. Generally speaking, it is not easy to use the deep water for winter because it is easy to manage and easy to catch. 3. The arrests for raising fish and raising fish are generally around the Spring Festival. Before catching, remove debris and mud from the pool. If the pond mud is hard, it can be soaked and softened by water injection before capturing. When catching, you can first clear the mud from a pool corner outside the pool and then use both hands to turn the mud to capture. It is not advisable to dig with sharp iron and avoid damaging the carcass. In the end, all the remaining mud is cleared for use as a fertilizer, and the soil will be replaced when it is raised or raised the next year. The captured yellow cockroach must be rinsed with water and then kept in a container such as a water tank. The water should be changed 2-3 times a day. When the food in the cockroach is discharged, it can be shipped. At the beginning of temporary maintenance and after 24 hours, 300,000 units of penicillin were administered. At the same time, every 3-4 hours, a hand or a small net inserted into the bottom of the container should be stirred upwards to prevent the weak jaundice from dying at the bottom for a long time. (III) Technology for Raising Seedlings of Scutellaria baicalensis Huang Pi, from May to August each year, male and female mating and spawning. Spawning takes a long time. In June, hatching begins in September; in July and October, seedlings develop and grow, and grow in October. In the second year of February, the young larvae grow into young cubs and winter; in the second year, the larvae grow and develop from February to May, and the first one matures into female crickets. After May, they enter mating and spawning. Female spawning after spawning continued to grow from July to April of the third year. The ovaries gradually became the testis, and after the third year of May, the second sexual maturation became the male fleas. That is, Astragalus has special sexual reversal characteristics. If you are male, you can speed up the growth rate and increase the weight gain rate. Practice has shown that the growth rate of Astragalus females in the female stage is only about 30% of that in the male stage, that is, the growth rate and weight gain rate of realgar are more than double that of females (from female nurses to female aphids, and it takes two years to grow. slow). Therefore, feeding methyltestosterone at the stage of slow growing seedlings and making it male ahead of time can greatly increase the production of carp culture and achieve good economic benefits. 1. Male objects The male subjects are better in the specialized varieties. The best effect of the application is in the summer seedling stage where the yolk sac of the seedlings disappears. The maleization cycle is short; the seedling stage with a single weight of about 20 grams begins. Maleization can also be used, but it takes longer to use it; adolescent jaundice weighing more than 50 grams is male and must be carried out when it is in the fall. After spring, it takes about 10 days for the drug to be effective. 2. Application method Summer flower seedling stage application, do not feed the first two days, the third day feed cooked egg yolk, first put the egg yolk into a paste, every two days, add 1 mg of methyl testosterone alcohol solution containing egg yolk 25 ml, stir well and then feed. The amount of feed is less than the limit. After 6 days of continuous feeding, feed the mash, and increase the dose to 2 mg of methyl testosterone per 50 g of testosterone (first 5 ml). Alcohol dissolves) Males can be fed continuously for 15 days. After this treatment of carp, generally there will be no more female status, the area of ​​the food table during the period of administration should be larger than usual to avoid uneven feeding. If a single seedling with a body weight of 15g or more is to be maleated, it can be fully andrmized by continuously feeding a single dose of 500g live tick mixed testosterone 3g for one month. 3. During the period of management and management of males, disinfectants should not be used in the pool, but calcium oxide or quicklime can be applied. The concentration of application is 5-10ppm in spring and autumn and 10-20ppm in summer. Before application, some holes can be inserted into the mud to facilitate the application. Emission of harmful gases. After the male, the food intake of the improved varieties is greatly increased, and the food intake should be increased accordingly. Sixth, the start, catchment and transportation of the yellow cricket (A) the yellow crickets catch 1. Drainage trapping to drain the pool of water, from the corner of the pool began to turn the soil, do not use the shovel to turn the soil, it is best to use hibiscus Swing slowly, and then use the net to fish. Try not to injure the carcass. The catch rate was as high as 98%. 2. Mesh trapping Use 2-4 square meters of mesh (or fillets of summer fish) in water. The mesh is placed in the middle of the yellow bastard to eat food. Afterwards, a cover sheet or a straw bag is sunk into the bottom of the water. About 15 minutes later, the four corners are rapidly lifted, and the reed mat or turfgrass is lifted to collect a large number of jaundice. The catch rate is as high as 80%-90%. 3. The cage net will catch a number of bamboo cages with inverted bamboo cages. Place some bait such as fresh shrimps, small fish, and pig livers, and place them in the bottom of the pool. Take them about half an hour at night. Can generally capture 70%-80%. 4. Hooks can be used as bait for the most favorite crickets. After finding the yellow hole, the hook with the bait is stretched into the hole. After the bait is swallowed, it is quickly caught out. The action should be quick. Pull out the water and put it into the gill. There are four kinds of hooks for fishing jaundice: (1) The hard hooks are made of waste steel wire such as bicycle spokes. (2) Soft hook The hook material is the same as the hard hook. The length of the hook is 4-5 cm, but the hook handle is longer. The hook handle is best made of rattan (about 0.5 cm wide). (3) Soft and hard hooks are based on soft hooks. Lengthen rattan, approximately 30-40 cm long. Rattan is a steel hook on one end, and the other is a 20-cm-long bamboo tail. When used, the tip of the bamboo tip is inserted into the hook mounted on the hook in parallel and functions as a hard hook. Once the bite is caught by the yellow snap, the bamboo tip and the hook immediately disengage, and the strength of the soft hook can be used. (4) The line hook is made of a No. 3 or No. 4 sewing needle, a Vino nylon thread and a bamboo pole. The sewing needle is bent into a hook shape. The bamboo basket is about 20 cm long. One end of the vinylon yarn is tied in the middle of the hook (sewing needle), and the other end of the string is on the bamboo pole. The bait is worn on the hook. In the evening, put the loaded hooks into the bottom of the rich river bank. The bamboo poles are firmly inserted on the banks of the river, and the hooks are retrieved after 2-3 hours or the next morning. Acquired crickets with a hook, the catch rate is between 50% and 70%, and the labor intensity is high. 5. Grass bag Zhang catch The feed is placed in the grass bag where it is normally fed, and the scutellariae will drill into the sward, and the sward will be picked up to capture the scutellaria. 6. Scavenge the grass and catch the earthworms and use them to pile in small piles of weeds or wild weeds. Place them on the banks or in the corners of the pond. Use 3-4 days to mesh the grass in the net and pull both ends. Tight, so that the yellow eagle can not escape, will be out of the net grass, yellow locust that falls on the net. After the fish is removed, they are still piled up into small piles so that they can continue to attract yellow grasshoppers and then harvest them. This method works better after the rain has passed. 7. The method of gathering and gathering distress is the use of drugs to stimulate the ability of Huangqi to adapt to the water body, forcing it to escape to the no-drug small-scale centralized arrest method. (1) Tea seed cakes (tea dry) Tea seed cakes contain saponin, which is toxic to aquatic animals and can be fatal in large quantities. Fighting can be done in small quantities. About 5 kg per mu of paddy field. Tea seed cakes should be roasted with heat and smashed in an emergency fire. The granules should be no more than 1 cm in size. Boil in boiling water and put in 5 liters for 1 hour. (2) Croton is more potent than tea. First Croton crushed, transferred into a paste for use. 250 grams per acre of paddy fields, 15 kilograms of water when used, spraying with a sprayer. (3) Pepper The most popular chili pepper is selected and boiled once, filtered; then open blisters once, filtered, twice filtered, sprayed with a sprayer, and 5 kg of filtrate per acre of paddy fields. The forced-polymerization method can be divided into two kinds of forced-polymerization methods: flowing water and static water. Water forced condensing method is used for irrigation of paddy fields. At the water inlet of the field, two mud louses, 50 cm long, become a short channel, so that the water source must pass through a short canal to enter the field, and 2-3 outlets should be opened on the side of the field side of the inlet. Spread or spray the fortified substance in the field, and use a rake (1 meter wide, made of 10 cm long round nails) to drag it in the field to force the yellow owl to flee; if the crop in Tanaka cannot be smashed, the time for jaundice to come out is Longer. When most of the yellow locusts were observed to escape, the water inlet was opened and the water flowed throughout the field. At this time, the yellow locust plunged back into the short channel to capture, sort and release the small release, and placed it on the clear water temporarily. support. The hydrostatic forcing method is used in fields that are not suitable for irrigation. Prepare a semi-circular net with a frame or a shallow basket with a bottom. Raise the mudflats above the surface of the river and place mud around it every 10 meters and make it 5 cm below the surface of the water. Place a semicircular framed net or a bottomed basket on it. Stack mud again on the net or basket and place it 15 cm above the surface. When the forcing substance is applied to Tanaka, the amount of the drug should be less than that of the flowing water method. The yellow scorpion feels uncomfortable, that is, it travels to the side of the field, and once it encounters a small mud dump, it is drilled. When the scutellaria is all in the mud, it can be picked up by nets and baskets. This should be done in the evening and retrieved in the early morning. 8. The cubs raised in the larva catch pool need to be moved to other pools, and 3-4 dried loofah ribs can be placed on each square metre. After a while the cubs will be automatically drilled in. In other dense containers loaded with loofah bars, the pups can be caught. (b) Huang Lan's holding and transportation of goods Huang Biao must have a holding process before it is sold or shipped for export. If they are not properly maintained or held up properly, they will die in transit and the death rate will be about 90%. The following is a discussion of Huang Lan's holding and transportation methods. 1. Holders of temporarily raised yellow crickets mainly include water tanks, casks, and concrete tanks. Among them, water tanks and wooden barrels are suitable for both the acquisition of the station and family leisure. For a cylinder or barrel with a capacity of 60 kg, when the temperature is 23-30°C, 30 kg of astragalus can be stored and 25 kg of clear water can be added. According to the actual situation at that time, one of the following safety measures should be selected. Every 6-8 hours a thorough water change (the survival rate after 48 hours 96%) or in the beginning and 24 hours after the release of penicillin 300,000 units (48% survival rate of 90%). At the same time as taking the above-mentioned measures, a hand or a small copy of the net should be used every 3-4 hours to reach the bottom of the container and stirred upwards so that the weak jaundice will not be pressed on the bottom for a long time and die. In the latter case, if the holding time needs to be extended, the water should be completely changed within 48 hours and the medicine should be administered again. Putting a certain amount of loach in the holding tanks, barrels, and pools can increase the survival rate of the aphids. 2. The transport method for transporting jaundice should be based on the number of shipments and traffic conditions, such as cask shipment, wet-pull packaging, machine-shipping, or nylon bag oxygenation. Regardless of the shipping method, the sick or injured jaundice must be removed before starting shipment. At the same time, we must carefully check the completeness of the equipment in transit. (1) The advantages of barrel casks are that they can be used as containers for acquisition and holding, as well as transportation for vehicles, ships, loading and unloading, and changing water. In this way, it is not necessary to replace containers from acquisition, transportation, and sales, which saves time and effort, so they are usually shipped in wooden barrels. The specification of the barrel is cylindrical, made of 1.2-1.5 cm thick cedar board (bogeyed pine board), 67 cm high, 50 cm diameter of the barrel mouth, 46 cm diameter at the bottom of the barrel, three barrels outside the barrel, with two Iron earrings for ease of handling. The mouth of the barrel is covered with the same cedar plate, covered with several ventilation slots. The water temperature is 25-30 °C, 20-25 kg of water is appropriate; when the weather is hot, the barrel load should be reduced to 15-20 kg. The management work on the way is mainly to change the water regularly and often stir. When the temperature is high, it is necessary to change the water every 2-3 hours, and the fresh water (such as river water and river water) is the best. (2) Po Packing Transportation If the number of Astragalus is not large, the transit time can be within 24 hours. Pouches should be washed and soaked, 25-30 kilograms per package, and then even packed in baskets or fruit bowls, with lids to avoid accumulation of crushing during shipment. In seasons with higher temperatures, ice cubes should be placed on the basket to cool and moisturize the skin. Before and after mid-November, shipments will be carried out by this method. If it can be kept moist (without ice cubes), death will generally not occur in about 3 days. (3) Ship sailing If the number of yellow crickets is large, the transit time is within 24 hours, and when the waterway is open, it can be shipped directly in the cabin of the sailing ship. The ratio of Astragalus and water is 1:1, that is, 1 kg Astragalus 1 kg water. This shipping method not only has a low freight rate, but also has a high survival rate of 95% or more. However, it should be noted that any ships that have transported diesel, gasoline, tung oil or tung oil in the past cannot ship yellow oysters. Ships carrying toxic or irritating substances such as lime, salt, pepper, chemical fertilizer, and pesticides may not be shipped without thorough cleaning. In addition, at regular intervals, the bottom of the bilge should be turned upside down at the bottom of the cabin (should the toenails be cut in advance to avoid scratching the carcass). When the water quality is not good, some water must be released and new water added. (4) Oxygen bags transport 10-15 kilograms per bag for oxygenation, submerge the carcasses with water, transport them tightly after bagging with oxygen. In general, this method is used for air freight because of a small number. 3. Causes of death in transit and transportation and countermeasures The main reasons for the large number of deaths in the process of holding and transportation by Huang Huan are the following: (1) "Fever" causes oxygen deprivation and suffocation. The so-called “fever†means that the temperature of the water in the container containing Astragalus membranacea is significantly increased. If the water is not replaced in time, the water quality deteriorates further until it is dark green and there is a strong rancid odor. At this time, the water is seriously deprived of oxygen, and a large number of Astragalus will suffocate. And die. However, at this time, the physically strong yellow crickets often pushed to the surface, struggling to raise their heads and breathing the air directly, so that death would not occur. Inexperienced people are often blinded by this kind of surface illusion. Actually, the yellow crickets below the surface have been entangled with each other and are anxious to rescue or have already died. The reason for the "fever" is because the surface of the skullcap is rich in mucus, and the density of the fish in the container is large. If the water is not changed in time, the mucus accumulates more and more, and it can quickly be broken down by the bacteria. Dissolved oxygen in the water is consumed and heat is generated, causing the water temperature to rise significantly. Therefore, the use of antibiotics such as penicillin during storage and transportation, adding a small amount of loach, and moving up and down, so that the Astragalus reduce mutual entanglement, reduce the incidence of fever, and timely change the water, you can improve the survival rate. (2) Death caused by fish body injury. The jaundice trapped by the hooks tends to injure the head; it is traumatic to the body surface when worn in broken or other rough and sharp containers; they bite each other when they are concentrated, usually with a tail bite. Injured jaundice, often squeezed by the strong, sank at the bottom of the container. Therefore, in the period of holding and transporting, the disease and injured jaundice should be discarded; the content should be as smooth as possible and not damaged; the density should be appropriate. (3) Death caused by rising water temperature. The rise in water temperature can cause a dramatic increase in the amount of oxygen consumed by the jaundice itself. For example, at a water temperature of 8.5-10°C, the average oxygen consumption of Astragalus is 38.74 mg/kg/hr; at 23-25°C, which is the optimum water temperature of Astragalus membranaceus, the oxygen consumption jumps to 326.34 mg/kg; the water temperature rises. At 30-34°C, the oxygen consumption increased sharply to 697.54 mg per kilogram per hour. This high oxygen consumption naturally causes the lack of oxygen in the water and dead fish. Therefore, it is best to store and transport Astragalus membranaceus in spring and autumn, and the water temperature should be below 25°C. In addition, water should be changed regularly, and stirring should be done regularly to maintain the optimum temperature.
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