The scientific name of the stone frog (Ranaspinosa), also known as broiler chicken, is an amphibian frog family and is distributed in China's Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces. Large edible frogs, whose legs are fat, delicious meat, cool and nourishing, rich in high protein and vitamin A, B1, B2, C, and niacin, with 17 kinds of amino acids, 8 kinds of amino acids required by the human body are high, valine And alanine is particularly rich, glutamic acid content of up to 11.9%, its comprehensive nutrition can be comparable with the soft-shelled turtle.
As a result of the capture of humans, stone frogs in the natural world have been declining and prices have continued to increase. The destruction of wild resources is extremely serious. In many areas, the number of such frogs has decreased dramatically or is endangered. If artificial breeding is carried out to expand the population, the purpose of both protecting resources and using them rationally can be achieved. The southern provinces have made many attempts in artificial rearing of stone frogs. From the thousands of letters I received, we can learn that real successes and apparent economic benefits are rare. The main reason is that the growth conditions of stone frogs are rather special. If you do not make clear the basic points, it is difficult to breed successfully. Now we are not only successful in the mountain area, but we also have a stone frog demonstration area in the Huajiachi Campus of Zhejiang University in the plain area. In order to prevent more farmers from hurting their families, we specially introduced our stone frog farming techniques to everyone.
1 The biological characteristics of stone frogs
1.1 Morphological Characteristics The stone frogs are large and thick. The frogs are 10 to 13 cm long, 15 cm in length and weigh more than 750 g. Their body shape is similar to that of the tiger frog, and their body color is different, such as the feeding of stone frogs in Zhejiang University. There are five common types of stone frog body color: 1 the back is black; 2 black and the back has a white centerline; 3 brownish yellow; 4 dark red;5 different types of colors; male frogs after sexual maturity, the whole chest is presented Spiny spikes, the base of the spikes are ridged, but they are not divided into two clusters and the abdomen is light yellow. The female chest is free of thorns and its ventral surface is white and smooth.
The stone frogs have a long, long body, thick tails, dark yellow skin, and black stars. The black "V" pattern looks down at the back of the body and tail joints. Strong ability, no lungs, breathing with pimple.
2.2 The living habits of stone frogs The stone frogs belong to the flow life type. It is often plentiful in the creeks where the water flow is slow in the mountainous area or in the puddles in the stream. The vegetation on both sides of the creek is abundant. They rarely leave the waters, and their body color often matches their living environment. The second sexuality tends to develop in a strongly embracing manner. The male body is large, the forelegs are extremely thick, and the marriage prods are also highly developed. These characteristics are closely related to reproductive characteristics. When laying eggs, males and females must produce eggs in the impact of running water. Along the stream, the males strongly embraced the females during mating and used the abdominal spines to strengthen the male's anchoring force so that they were not scattered by the current. The stone frog has an inner vocal sac with a low vocalization and a large voice. The male screams for the "female" female to correspond with the "pop" sound. Stone frogs have gregarious and nocturnal feeding habits, and often several or dozens of them coexist in one place. In a quiet and suitable environment, stone frogs also have a hole to feed during the day and night is the peak period of activities. Stone frogs are good at jumping and climbing. They usually have weaker and more stable activities. During the prosperous period, they have frequent activities and have behaviors such as calling and holding.
Stone frogs prefer to eat animals, generally do not eat dead or immobile food, in the natural state, stone frogs have a wide range of food, in addition to insects, cockroaches, spiders, horses, snails, snails, oysters, clams, shrimp, Predation of crabs, miscellaneous fish, loach, baby snakes, and small birds. Stone frogs in different regions have different food habits due to the environment. Stone frogs generally consume 9% of their body weight in nature, sometimes reaching 12.8%.
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The stone frog is a temperature-changing animal and does not regulate body temperature and heat preservation capacity. Its body temperature changes with the change of outside temperature. In general, the suitable growth temperature of the stone frog is 18 to 26°C, and the optimum temperature is 24 to 25°C. Spring and autumn are its The most frequent, most fed, and fastest growing seasons, April-June and August-September, are the best times for breeding offspring. When the water temperature exceeds 30°C, feeding activities decrease. When the water temperature drops to 12°C, the frog metabolism is very weak and it enters hibernation. During hibernation, the frogs close their eyes and stay alive. They rely on fat bodies to maintain their life activities and do not respond to external stimuli. If the water temperature rises during the hibernation period, it is appropriate. At the temperature, the frog will reappear. The lethal temperature of frogs into frogs is around 31°C, which changes in different seasons. The stone frog can also tolerate a long-term 0°C environment, but the water cannot freeze, and the lack of oxygen in the ice leads to the death of the stone frog.
The stone frog eggs are often produced in flat and shallow water, attached to stones and aquatic plants. The glial membrane outside the egg expands and thickens in water. The stickiness is strong. It is connected into a cord or grape string, sometimes up to 20 cm. about. The diameter of the egg is generally 4 mm, the maximum can reach 5 mm, according to the water temperature of the frog eggs are usually 8 to 15 days later, hatch into a cocoon, cockroaches hi living in the boulders within the water within the stone or gravel heap, cocoon in the appropriate In the environment, it is generally transformed into a young frog after 50 to 78 days of growth.
2 Stone frog's diet Stone frog's bait is mainly cricket, yellow mealworm, fly maggot and so on. The methods of breeding them are described in many books and will not be repeated here.
3 The construction of stone frog ponds The wild stone frogs inhabit perennially on the edge of a cool mountain stream ditch or a stone cave with waterfalls. Their living environment requires sufficient water flow, cool, moist and clean water. Growth, breeding, reproduction, and progeny have long been in the wild.
Artificial domestication of stone frogs has changed dramatically from wild to domestic, living environment, etc. The stone frogs have been artificially reared. A reasonable design must be adopted for the frog ponds so that the frog ponds must be similar to the natural environment, but also convenient. Manual management.
3.1 The choice of environment for the farm site has a direct impact on the growth and reproduction of the stone frog. The frog pond is not limited by the location. In general, the breeding site should be selected in terms of good water quality, convenient drainage and irrigation, quiet environment, warm winter and cool summer, No drought or drought, easy management, escape prevention and control.
The frog pool can be built indoors or outdoors. The room requires ventilation, coolness, no direct sunlight, a arbor can be set up outside, and a frog pool can be built. Since it is simple to be indoors, in the courtyard or in the outdoors, it is a good life for stone frogs. place.
3.2 The specification of the Frog Pond requires that artificially-cultured stone frogs generally adopt intensive culture. When constructing pools, attention should be paid to the living habits of frogs as much as possible, and conditions such as water, land, rock caves, and feeding should be used to create a good living environment. But also to facilitate feeding and management.
3.2.1 species of frog pool area is generally 4 to 10 square meters is appropriate, the pool is 0.8 meters high, the depth of the pool 0.1 to 0.15 meters, the pool land area ratio of 3:1, and has inhabited caves, pool bottom The larger pebbles, the light is dark and the humidity is 80%, creates an ideal ecological habitat for stone frogs, promotes their growth and development, and thus increases the spawning rate and fertility rate.
3.2.2 The hatching pond area is 1 square meter, the pool height is 0.5 meters, the water depth is 15 to 20 centimeters, the water quality is fresh, pH is 6 to 8, and sufficient oxygen is available. It can also be replaced by a large oval basin.
3.2.3 The area of ​​Dianchi Lake is 3 to 4 square meters, the pool height is 0.8 meters, the water depth is 3 to 10 centimeters, the pH is 6 to 7, and the ratio of water to land is 2:1. It is necessary to shading, and it is better to keep a group of cockroaches of the same specifications per pool.
3.2.4 young frog pool area of ​​4 to 6 square meters, 0.8 meters high pool, water depth is generally 10 to 15 cm, water to land ratio of 2:1, the laying of 3 to 5 cm in the pool of small stones, built a hole, good water quality, pH Values ​​6 to 7.5.
All kinds of frog ponds are shaped like rectangles. The bottom of the pool is slightly inclined. The drainage holes allow the pool water to be completely drained at the lowest point. The pool contains water, land, stone caves, food tables and other items. Anti-frog leap abscond, enemy biological invasion. The water inlet pipe is installed on the upper side of the pool, near the bottom of the net cover. The new pool should not be used immediately. It should be disinfected with disinfectant (alkaline removal) and dip in water several times before raising the frog.
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