The cultivation techniques of Kuding tea
First, sowing nursery. Kudingcha pods are oval in shape, and the fruit matures around November (altitude varies from altitude to height), and the skin is black at maturity. The mature fruit is picked up for a few days (pay attention to fever) and then put into water and rinsed to remove flesh and skin. The washed seeds are dried and then stored in wet sand (the river sand must not be too dry or too wet). Sift out. ABT rooting powder can be used to soak seeds in water when sowing, and no soaking treatment is also available. The seedlings are suitable for slightly acidic soils with good water permeability, and semi-yin and semi-yang are preferred. Before sowing, the land shall be leveled and flattened, and the foot shall be opened at 5 feet. The seeds shall then be sown on the car in high density (with the seeds not overlapping), then a 1 cm thick fine mud shall be placed and the water shall be poured. That is, sowing is completed. After the sowing is finished, the mulch is covered with arches and sealed on all four sides (same as rice seedlings). After that, pay attention to check the temperature and humidity at any time. When the temperature is high, the two ends of the arch can be opened and ventilated; when the humidity is insufficient, the arch membrane can be removed and watered. After the seedlings grow to 10 cm in height, they are selected for transplanting in rainy weather. The advantage of this method is that seedlings are convenient, but seeds are hard to find.
Second, cutting seedlings. In the author's mountainous area, the cuttings mainly came from the rare wild Kuding Tea tree. Although cuttings of kudingcha can be carried out in both spring and autumn, people usually prefer to choose to perform in the second and third months of spring. As Kuding tea is hard and dehydrated quickly, the cuttings should be inserted and harvested, and should not be put for a long time. Old shoots can be used as cuttings. With the principle of slightly longer old branches and shorter twigs, it is advisable to cut each of the cuttings into 12-20 cm long pieces. Before cutting, use ABT rooting powder for water soaking (according to the instructions for use of rooting powder), soaking time for old shoots is slightly longer and soaking time for shoots is slightly shorter. When the cuttings were cut, the cuttings accounted for about 3/4 of the length of the cuttings, and about 1/4 of the cuttings appeared. At the same time, the exposed part must retain two leaves, and each leaf must be cut in half. After the cutting is completed, it is irrigated and covered with plastic sheds (coverage methods and management are the same as those for seedlings). According to the author's practice in recent years, the survival rate of cuttings is below 30%, and the cutting roots are too small. In other words, large-scale development of kudingcha seedlings through cuttings is still not realistic.
Third, grafting seedlings. The use of grafting for the propagation of Kuding tea seedlings takes two years to emerge, with a long cycle, but a high rate of emergence. The rootstock is better to use lobular privets and big leaf privets. In the first year, seedlings were sown with large-leaved or small-leaf Ligustrum lucidum seeds for transplanting, and in the early spring of the following year the grafting method was used for grafting. Grafting germination rate, in addition to the high and low conditions of grafting technology, but also in the grasp of grafting time and the collection of cuttings. First of all, in the aspect of grafting time, due to the altitude and the climate, the basic requirement is to move the knife when "Pneumatic, grass sprouting". The height of the author's nursery site is 1,440 meters above sea level. Every year, the grafting of kudingcha tea is completed within 20 days from the first day of February to February of the lunar calendar. The germination rate is above 90%. Second, scion acquisition is also critical. Kudingcha has multiple shoots, and buds have a good ability to reproduce. The scions are preferably unemerged annual branches. In the absence of such shoots, budding annual branches can still be used as scions. Even if you touch a bud, you will germinate again after you marry. However, Kuding tea is hard and dehydrated quickly. Therefore, the key to the collection of the earrings is preservation, and it is better to pick them up now. In the case of unconditional guarantees for picking and picking, picking and fresh-keeping methods are generally adopted to keep the cuttings fresh. That is, when the cuttings are cut from the mother tree, the leaves are immediately removed, and the spikes that have been picked are then tied into small bundles and wrapped in wet straw, and put into the shade in the room for use (can be stored for more than 7 days).
Kuding tea germinates faster after grafting and can be seen after 15 days. At that time, it is necessary to dig grass, water, and wipe buds (buds on the rootstock). If there is a disease condition, use "carbendazim" or "thiophanate" to spray water. The scion sprouts retain 2 roots. After the shoots grow to 20 cm in height, the seedlings can be drunk with dilute water. Because Kudingcha is highly dense during seedlings, it is susceptible to powdery mildew and insect pests during continuous drought or continuous rain. "Topozin" can be sprayed with "enemy" (according to the instructions for the use of pesticides). It can both cure diseases and kill insects, and can also spray enemy killing or thiophanate alone. With careful management, grafted seedlings can grow up to 50 cm in height.
Fourth, Kuding tea cultivation. Kuding tea can be planted in spring and autumn. When the grafted seedlings were planted, the tape on the grafted interface was incomprehensible, and the digging nest was slightly deeper and the soil was covered twice. When the soil is covered for the first time, the soil covers the upper grafting joint, irrigates the water, and pushes on the solid; when the soil is covered for the second time, the soil is placed on a position about 8 cm above the grafting interface, and then the watering can be performed. One year later, the soil-covered scion was full of roots, but the original rootstock was naturally dead, and the grafted seedlings were reduced to cuttings, which had no effect on the quality of Kudingcha. The growth was flourishing and the yield was high.
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