I. Rape mildew
1, hazard characteristics
The disease can occur during the entire growth period of rape, and can harm leaves, stems, flowers and pods. The symptom is that the diseased leaves have no obvious yellow spots on the front of the victim's blade. The lesions are polygonal, and a white frost-like mold layer grows on the dorsal diseases. The diseased spots turn brown, and the diseased leaves die prematurely. On stems, lesions were water-stained at the beginning, followed by irregularly shaped black lesions, and a white frosty layer of mold was also formed, which often caused the stems to swell and swell. At the late stage of the convulsions and full flowering period, the flower axis is often severely swollen and bent and has a leading shape. Damage to the capsule, the disease department is pale yellow, and a layer of mildew is formed on the upper layer. In severe cases, the capsule is slightly curved.
2, prevention and control technology
(1) Biological control: spray 250 kg (juice) of water, 50 kg of water with sharp pepper, ginger and garlic.
(2) Chemical control: Spraying is started when the rate of leaf disease reaches 10% or more at the early flowering stage, and 58% of metalaxyl MnZn wettable powder 600 times, or 25% of toxic fungal wettable powder 600-800 times is selected. Liquid, or 50% TBSF 1000-fold solution, or 43% Dashengfu suspension agent 600-800 times, or 58% Methodyl Manganese Zinc WP 800-1000 times to spray, and cure white rust, every 7 Spray once a day, even 2-3 times.
Second, rape sclerotinia disease
1, hazard characteristics
At the seedling stage, on the neck and petioles close to the ground, red-brown spots are formed and then turned to white. The diseased tissue becomes soft and rot, with white hyphae, and severe cases can cause seedling death. The adult leaves, stems, flowers, fruits and seeds can all be susceptible. After the leaves are infected, the primary dark blue water stain patches are formed, and then expand into round or irregular large spots. The lesions are gray-brown or tan, with concentric ring veins, dark cyan outside, and yellow halo outside. The lesions spread rapidly when wet, and the entire leaf rots; the lesions break and perforate when dry. The lesions on the stems were watery, light brown, elliptical, prismatic, and long in shape. The lesions are slightly concave, with concentric ring patterns, white in the middle, brown edges, and obvious junctions between disease and health. When the disease is serious, the diseased stems are covered with flocculent hyphae, so they are called "white culms", "mild stalks" and so on. At this point the plants are dry and dead or mature earlier, visible longitudinal cortex. Syrup sensations form irregular white lesions. After the seeds are infected, the surface is rough and gray and white. Both the size of the stem and the inside of the stem and the pods can be formed in different sizes of rat sac.
2, prevention and control technology
(1) Agricultural control: Drain the drains and remove the sick, old and yellow leaves in time.
(2) Chemical control: When the flowering period of rape is more than 10% or the rate of stem disease is 1% or less, use 25% Prochloraz EC 40-50g spray, or 80% Dufox Zinc Wettable 700 -800 times liquid spray, or 30% forfloxacin suspension 600-800 times liquid spray. The plants were sprayed on the lower part of the plant, sprayed every 7-10 days, and sprayed 2-3 times.
Three, rapeseed locust
1, hazard characteristics
The sucking sucking mouthparts sucks the sap from the rapeseed, damages the leaves, stems, flowers and fruits, causes leaf rolling, dead seedlings, plant inflorescence, pods shrinking, or the whole plant withers.
2, prevention and control technology
(1) Physical control: Covering about 50% of the ground with silver-gray, milky white and black plastic film, it has an anti-virus effect.
(2) Pharmacy control: The key is to control the seedling stage. After the initial flowering, the hazards are aggravated. The “stick†should be removed in time and the pesticide should be used for prevention and treatment. When the seedlings have a pod strain rate of 10%, and there are 1-2 locusts per plant, the twigs and inflorescences have a lychee rate of 10% at the flowering stage, and when each locust has 3-5 locusts, 40% is selected. Dimethoate emulsifiable concentrates are l000-2000 times, or 50%, WP 3000 times, or 10% imidacloprid WP 1000 times, or 10% diphenhydramine 2000 times.
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