With the rapid development of black fungus bags, coupled with the reduction of forest resources, the traditional use of sawdust as a culture material has been far from meeting the needs of farmers across the country, and the cost has increased significantly. How to use the advantages of local resources to develop black fungus and edible fungus raw materials is an important issue in front of edible mushroom science and technology personnel. The research group of the Center for Food and Medicinal Fungi Promotion of Linkou County Science and Technology Association has been working hard for many years to successfully use leaves instead of sawdust cuttings to cultivate black fungus in 1997. The invention of this new technology will produce incalculable economic and social benefits. The development prospects are very impressive.
First, the new technology points of the black fungus leaves bag:
1. Processing of raw material of broad-leaved leaves Firstly, the leaves and twigs that fall from the forest area are collected together (old leaves may be) and dried in the sun. The use of animal power or motor vehicles, grinders and other processing smash, while smashing 60 pounds of dry leaves, and then crushed 20 pounds of bean straw spare.
2. Cultivated species formula and preparation method 1 Cultivated species formula: leaf powder 71.7%, bean straw powder 20%, corn flour 5%, soy flour 2%, gypsum 0.6%, white dust 0.7%, moisture 55%, pH 7 - Between 8.5.
2 Preparation method: First, take the required amount of dry leaf powder and spread it on the concrete floor. Spread the bean-stalk powder into the leaf powder (dry material) and mix it. Then, spread the corn flour and soybean powder evenly on the leaves. Above the flour, continue to mix dry ingredients. Then put gypsum and white ash with warm water and dissolve them evenly on the wet and dry material. Ask for watering with the ingredients, mix the wet material with the culture material, and then use a thick wire sieve to sieve the material twice to make the thickness of the culture material more uniform. . Water content of 55% is appropriate, that is, with two hands to pick material, there is a wet feeling on the hand and can not have water.
3, bagging, sterilizing and inoculating bacteria 1 bagging: After mixing and mixing, start bagging (Bacteria bag is best to use 17cm33cm4.5 silk thickness qualified polyethylene bags). When bagging, it is required to compact the edges while loading the material so that the upper and lower requirements for the culture material in the bag are slightly tighter, but not so tight as to avoid rising the material bag. It is advisable to leave 9cm of material on the bag. After the material surface is pressed flat and compacted, use a round iron rod with a diameter of 2.5cm to tie a deep eye in the middle of the material bag. The depth should be 2cm from the bottom of the bag. After the material bag is finished, pour out the bulk material that is brought out during puncture and prevent the bulk material from blocking the gargoyle. Then close the mouth of the bag and push it down slightly (excluding the air inside the bag). Hold the bag tightly and hold it in a clockwise direction. Then use your fingers to hold the screwed bag in place. In a dense iron basket or wood steamer curtain (two or three layers of bags can be placed on each iron basket or wood curtain).
2 Atmospheric Pressure Sterilization: All the material bags are loaded into the pot and the pot door is closed. After the fire is heated, the steamer is quickly brought to 100°C in 2-3 hours, and the temperature is maintained for 6-8 hours after the sterilization ceases. Continue Stay in the steamer overnight. The next morning the pan. (In the case of water shortage in the middle of the atmospheric pressure cooker, the boiling water above 90°C must be added, and each additional boiling water needs to be sterilized for half an hour. This sealing method requires the hands to hold the middle of the material bag when out, pot and handle. , Packing and handling, because it is sterilized stereotypes, it is not easy to open.
3 access to bacteria: open the inoculation method of the electric furnace fungus:
First, use a thick iron sheet to make a drum that is slightly larger than the electric stove. The height of the drum is 35cm. Put it on the electric stove. Put a thin layer of barbed wire on the drum and fix it. (The wire mesh will prevent the bacteria from falling into the inoculation. Smoke in the furnace). When the temperature of the bag falls to 28°C, it starts to inoculate the sterile zone above the electric stove. During the inoculation, the staff should operate lightly to prevent the wind from hitting the barrel. In general, 25-30 bags of cultivars can be transferred per bottle.
4. Treatment and cultivation of mycelium culture Mycelium culture.
Treatment of a bacterium room: First clean up the indoor debris. The walls of the training room are required to be smooth and smooth, and painted indoors. Use dry wooden rods to build a fungus rack. After the bacteria rack is set up, the indoor temperature is raised to about 30°C for 24 hours to rejuvenate the indoor spores, and then 0.2% of the carbendazim solution is used to spray the indoor walls and the bacteria racks. The indoor heat preservation humidity reaches 75%, 15 g of sulfur per cubic meter of space was then sterilized by fumigation to kill all rejuvenated bacteria. Then warm the interior walls and the bacteria rack.
2 cultivation of cultivated species of mycelium culture: bag should be immediately after finishing the bacteria species to the multi-layer frame of the training room, the bag mouth upside-down room to keep dark, do not put too crowded between the bag and the bag. The germination and colonization period was 5-10 days before germination, and the indoor temperature was appropriate at 28°C. This period does not need to be able to change the air, but the temperature can not exceed 30 °C above, when the mycelium grows to 1/3, the indoor temperature should be reduced to 24 °C. Check the presence of germs every day and find that the bacteria should be taken out of the room immediately. White ash is often sprinkled on the floor to dry the room. In the middle and late stages of germination, the hyphae begin to enter the physiological maturity stage, which is about to transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. At this time, the indoor temperature should be controlled at 18-22°C. Always ventilate the air to freshen the indoor air. Generally about 35-40 days, mycelium can cover all bags. After the mycelium covered the bag, the temperature difference was used to stimulate the light to continue cultivation for about 10 days, so that the hyphae could fully eat and feed, accumulate a large amount of nutrients, increase the ability to resist bacteria, and then transfer to the cut and germination ear to manage.
5, the greenhouse three-dimensional hanging bag ear management use simple greenhouse three-dimensional bags black fungus. It is a relatively economical cultivation method because it has the advantages of heat preservation, good moisture retention, convenient management, small footprint, and large number of cultivation. First, use a rough wooden rod to take a simple ear-pier (shed height of 2m wide, 6m long, 15m stereoscopic hanging bag 10,000). A 1m cultivation management road was left in the middle of the earmuff shed. The shed was pulled with a 10th wire every 25cm, and the two heads were fixed for the purpose of hanging the rope. The four sides and the roof of the scaffolding are surrounded by straw curtains or crop straws. The ground is first sprayed with 0.2% carbendazim solution, dried slightly and then disinfected with a layer of white ash. After the bacteria bag is fully fermented, it is moved into the culture shed, and the surface of the bacteria bag is cleaned with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution. After sterilization, the bacteria bag is tied to the wire rope, and after the rope is hung, the disinfected blade is used. Began to cut mouth. Each bag cuts 5 long vertical bars at intervals and cuts 2 small short ports at the bottom of the bag. After the bacterium bags are all suspended and cut, the shed temperature is maintained at 20°C during the earing period, and two to three times of water are sprayed on the ground every day. Water is often sprayed on the grass curtains outside the greenhouse to maintain 85% relative humidity in the shed. It should be cultivated in the calm wind during this period. Generally form the primordium from the cut in 7-10 days. When the ear buds are sealed at the cut mouth, water can be sprayed directly onto the bag (this time, the relative air temperature is 90%-95%). However, the temperature must not exceed 26°C. Due to the large number of three-dimensional hanging bags in the greenhouse, the upper part of the bag is sprayed and sprayed when sprayed. The lower part of the bag requires less spray, micro spray. When spraying water, the amount of water spray should be controlled flexibly (except when avoiding high temperatures at noon and when water is not sprayed), water can be sprayed at any time. Do not flatten the lug flat, shiny and moist feeling that is the best standard for water spray.
In short, there is no need to spray water at the ear edge, black fungus grows to the middle and late stages, and the air in the shed should be kept fresh and circulated. In cloudy days, it should be sprayed in modest amounts, and rain should be sprayed or not sprayed according to circumstances, especially when the temperature is high. In the case of high humidity, more attention should be paid to the enhancement of ventilation, which is not only conducive to the growth of black fungus, but also an effective measure to prevent the contamination of bacteria and ear damage. Usually from the ear to ear harvesting to mature harvest takes about 30 days (this culture material can produce dry ears 60-70 grams per bag on average), when the mature fungus selection weather is sunny, sunny, concentrated manpower harvesting picking black fungus. The harvested fungus shall be promptly spread on the ventilation curtains, and be sunk to dry in the sunlight, and usually dried for 2 days or so.
II. Prospects The prospects for the popularization and
Application of new technologies for leaf bags and black edible fungus are very broad. They are welcomed by farmers all over the country. This is because it has the following advantages:
1. The source of raw materials is abundant and inexhaustible. Broad-leaved forest areas can be collected all year round, and adults and children can do it.
2. Low cost, high output and good efficiency. Calculated on ordinary sacks, the cost of leaves per bag is about 1-3 yuan, and sawdust chips are 8-10 yuan per bag. After the protection of forests and the prohibition of logging, the price of sawdust chips will also increase substantially, and it will not guarantee the supply of raw materials. As the use of leaves as a culture material bioconversion rate than sawdust increased by 20% -30%, each 17emx33cm bacterial bag to increase production 20%, the cost reduction of 0.05 yuan, only this - Xianglinkou County in 2000 to promote 90 million bags of direct savings With 4.5 million yuan, the province will produce 1 billion bags and save 50 million yuan. If the country's growers adopt leaf culture materials to substitute black fungus and edible fungus, it will save more funds.
3, the method is simple and easy to operate. The earrings of the leaves in bags are simpler than sawdust in the operation. If they participate in the training for 3-5 days, they will be able to fully grasp the independent seed production and cultivation.
4. It saves wood and protects the ecological environment. The biggest advantage of this technology is that it replaces wood with leaves, and the resulting ecological benefits cannot be estimated. Per cubic meter of birch wood can dry 500 kg of sawdust. Generally, 10,000 bags per product of sterilizing produce 5,600 kilograms of dried sawdust, and 11 m3 of wood is used. According to the development of 100 million bags of fungus in Linkou County, 110,000 cubic meters of wood will be used. This is What terrible figures, such as the farmers in the province and across the country, are at such a speed, and Baling Mountain is just around the corner. If logging is forbidden and no raw materials are cultivated, the edible mushroom industry will not be able to develop, which will seriously affect the economic development of rural and forest workers and laid-off workers in our county and even the whole country. Therefore, the invention of the new technology of leaf black fungus and edible fungi completely solved the worries of edible fungus production, directly protected forest resources, and played an important role in forest fire prevention.
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