In recent years, due to the continuous expansion of the cultivation area of ​​Cyclamen, the issue of pests and diseases has become increasingly prominent, which has become a key factor affecting the value of Cyclamen appreciation and the value of commodities. Among them, gray mold, sickle blight, anthracnose, root black rot, bacterial soft rot, and thrips are more serious. Correctly identifying and effectively preventing and controlling these pests and diseases has now become one of the key links in the cultivation of Cyclamen.
Grey mold
Cyclamen gray mold is a disease that often occurs during the cultivation of cyclamen. This disease can occur in various growth stages and periods in cyclamen cultivation. After petal sensation, light brownish water immersed in the beginning, followed by brown spots and rot. If the humidity is high, there will be powdery gray mold layer. After the leaves became infected, dark green water-stained spots began to appear, and then gradually spread to the entire leaf. Under dry conditions, the lesions were “Vâ€-shaped, and the whole leaf turned brown and dried.
ã€Pathogens】
The pathogen Botrytiscinerea Pers. is Botrytis cinerea, which is a subgenus of Deuteromycotina and a genus Botrytis.
ã€Pathogenesis and transmission methods】
The pathogenic bacteria overwinter in mycoplasma or in the soil with mycelia or sclerotia.
Primary infection and reinfestation were carried out with conidia by means of gas flow, agricultural operations.
Temperature 15 °C to 25 °C, humidity above 90%, long duration, the disease occurs seriously.
The conditions of low temperature, high humidity, continuous rain and snow often cause the disease to occur.
[control methods]
1, timely removal of infected plants and flowers in the field, eliminating the source of infection.
2. Increase ventilation and light transmission to maintain low humidity in the cultivation area.
3, the main prevention, in the early onset of the disease every other 7 to 10 days spray Hui Friends of 4000 to 6000 times, chlorothalonil, procymidone and other agents to control.
anthrax
The main victims of cyclamen leaves. At the onset of the disease, the leaves showed small water-stained spots, which later expanded into round, oval, or irregular lesions, and were slightly sunken. The lesions became pale brown or gray-white in the center of the lesions. The upper part of the lesions had black spots; Leaves the leaves dead.
ã€Pathogens】
The pathogen is Colletotrichum. It is Colletotrichum or F. oxysporum, Deuteromycete fungi, and Aspergillus fungus.
Occurrence and route of transmission
The disease is transmitted through wind and rain, water splashing or agricultural operations.
The optimum temperature for mycelial growth is 20C to 30°C, and the relative humidity of more than 80% is conducive to the expansion and epidemic of the disease.
[control methods]
1. Balanced fertilization, appropriate control of planting density, and at the same time pay attention to strengthening ventilation and light transmission.
2. Remove pathogens and diseased leaves in time.
3. The main prevention is that in the initial stage of the disease, spray alternately 3000 to 4000 times, chlorothalonil, difenoconazole, etc., and spray it once every 7 days to 10 days.
Black root rot
The disease can infect all stages of Cyclamen growth. The victim Cyclamen will experience slow growth, yellow leaves, brown roots, black rot, and delayed flowering. Generally white varieties are more susceptible to the disease than safflower varieties. In fact, early onset, if you do not carefully observe it is difficult to determine whether the symptoms of root rot have occurred; after the diseased plant roots outside the epidermis will appear small black spots, with the further development of the disease, dark spots gradually expand caused by root rot.
ã€Pathogens】 Pathogen Thielaviopsisbasicola. Is a subgenus fungus, Rhizoctonia genus.
Pathogens and routes of transmission Pathogens are a type of soil-borne fungi that can be transplanted into contaminated pots, plugs, unsterilized soil, or certain types of peat, resulting in the introduction of pathogens into cultivated cyclamen In the greenhouse.
Reinfestation by watering, farming operations or fly and fly. But germs will not infect the bulbs of cyclamen.
The soil temperature is from 13C to 23°C, and the cultivation substrate is too wet. The PH value is higher than 6.0, and conditions such as low temperature and low light in winter can easily lead to disease occurrence.
[control methods]
1. Remove sensitive plants in time to maintain the cleanliness and hygiene of the cultivation site.
2. The pH of the cultivation substrate should not exceed 6, pay attention to water management, and strengthen ventilation and light transmission.
3. Timely control of flies.
4. Before seeding or transplanting seedlings, use Huiyou for seed dressing or soil mixing; when the conditions are suitable for onset of disease, apply Huiyou 10000 to 12000 times or benzimidazoles, apply once every 14 to 21 days, and apply continuously for 2 times. Up to 3 times.
Bacterial soft rot
The disease can infect the leaves, petioles, buds and bulbs of cyclamen. Onset of the leaves, inhomogeneous yellowing occurred, the initial occurrence of water-soaked lesions at the base of the leaves, followed by expansion of the black rot, and the entire plant tripped over, visible at the base of the leaves with water stains along the veins. Infestation of young shoots can also cause rot and shoot buds. If pathogens infest the cyclamen near the surface, they can cause rapid wilting and collapse of the petioles and pedicels. They can easily detach from the bulbs and turn brown soft rot, resulting in whole plants. Weary and dead. The invading bulbs can cause the bulbs to rot inside and squeezing the damaged bulbs by hand. The bulbs are soft, the epidermis is easy to crack, and the white paste flows out with bad odor; sometimes the germs cause cracks on the bulbs. A white pus-like stream can be observed on the crack
ã€Pathogens】
Erwiniachrysanthemi chrysanthemum Erwinia or Erwinia caratovora Escherichia coli, bacteria.
[Pathogenesis and Transmission] Pathogenic bacteria will spread through rainwater, irrigation water, and insects, and will be invaded by wounds.
Rainy days, when the watering is not dry, the incidence of the leaves or insect pests is high;
Excessive colonization, insufficient cleanliness of the substrate, and excessive fertilization (higher EC values) can also lead to disease.
Coastal fly is the epidemic of insect disease.
High temperatures, stagnant water, and especially high relative humidity are favorable for disease development.
Every year from June to September, the hot weather is the peak period of onset.
[Control methods] Prevention is the best way to control bacterial soft rot.
1. Control watering during disease epidemic and properly reduce soil pH.
2. Pay attention to ventilation, cooling and dehumidification.
3. Timely control of coastal flies.
4. To prevent the onset and early onset of disease, alternate rotation of spray copper preparations or kill, agricultural streptomycin, kasugamycin and other agents, so as to avoid plant resistance.
Blight
At the early stage of disease, the lower leaves of most plants first lost their chlorosis and wilted, and gradually spread upward; after that, the plants began to show wilting and finally all died. When the symptoms were just expressed, the plants were normal sooner or later and wilted at noon, which seemed to lack water. Examination of the base of the petiole across the vascular bundle is only partially tan. Usually occurs after the change basin, transfer seedlings or flowering beginning.
ã€Pathogens】
The pathogen Fusarium oxysporum is called Fusarium oxysporum, which is a fungus of fungi.
ã€Regulations and routes of transmission】 Diseases are soil-borne diseases, and germs can live in soil or water for many years.
When cultivated, it is invaded by the wound or invaded into the plant body from the root, and enters into the bulb. After massive propagation at the place of vascular roots, the tissue will be blocked and cause symptoms on the ground.
In the process of seedbed cultivation, the disease is characterized by spotting and flaky distribution.
The EC value of the soil is high, the matrix moisture content fluctuates too much or the watering is too much, the moisture stagnates and the water accumulates and it is easy to cause the disease.
The larvae of Fungusgnats are the vectors of the wilt disease. If the density of larvae in the matrix is ​​too high, it is easy to induce the epidemic of the disease.
[control methods]
Prevention is the best way to avoid the occurrence of diseases. Once the disease occurs, chemical agents cannot kill germs and can only prevent their further expansion.
1. The soil needs to be disinfected before planting.
2. Pay attention to increase calcium and potassium fertilizers; pay attention to drainage and strengthen ventilation;
3. The diseased plants should be removed in a timely manner, and cross-infection should be eliminated;
4. Control the fly in time.
5. In the early stage of disease, use Friends of Friends 10000 to 12000 times, painted green 8000 to 12000 times and other agents 14 to 21 days alternate irrigation roots, 2 to 3 times.
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