Formula fertilization is an important measure to increase the yield of winter wheat. Now combined with the regional soil fertility of winter wheat in our province, the following suggestions are made for the sowing and soil fertility determination of winter wheat. First, the basic conditions of soil nutrients in winter wheat in our province The general medium and high yield areas in our province, the soil available nitrogen content of 40 ~ 60 mg / kg, available phosphorus content of 10 ~ 25 mg / kg, soil available potassium content of 120 ~ 150 mg / kg, and Compared with 20 years ago, the available nitrogen content in soil increased by 20-30 mg/kg, and the available phosphorus content in soil increased by 10-20 mg/kg. However, the effective potassium in the soil decreased by 20-40 mg/kg, and the nutrient contents of the middle and trace elements also decreased in different degrees. Second, winter wheat need fertilizer characteristics Winter wheat needs more nitrogen and potassium, phosphorus is relatively less, while the need for calcium, magnesium, sulfur and other elements and zinc, boron, manganese and other trace elements. Each production of 100 kg of wheat needs to absorb 2.83 kg of nitrogen (N), 1.25 kg of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) and 2.92 kg of potassium oxide (K2O). There are two peak periods for the absorption of nitrogen fertilizer in wheat in one life. One is the tillering period of the previous year, which accounts for 12% to 14% of the total absorption. The other is the jointing and booting period, which accounts for 35% to 40% of the total absorption. Wheat on phosphate fertilizer The peak period of absorption occurred during the flowering stage of jointing, accounting for 60% to 70% of the total phosphorus uptake; the absorption of potassium by wheat was less before jointing, and generally did not exceed 10% of the total amount. Up to 60% to 70%. Third, the general principles of winter wheat fertilization Winter Wheat fertilization Do not talk about wheat in wheat, to winter wheat and summer corn in the overall consideration of the two seasons, generally each accounted for 50%. Phosphate fertilizer is mainly focused on wheat. For example, the content of soil available phosphorus is relatively high. Phosphate fertilizer can be used for wheat. If corn is not applied with phosphorus fertilizer, if the soil contains less available phosphorus, then 2/3 of it will be used for wheat while increasing the amount of phosphate fertilizer. 1/3 is used for corn; potassium is the opposite; if the available potassium content is high, all of the potash is used for corn. If there is less available potassium, then 1/3 is used for wheat and 2/3 is used for corn. The general proportion of wheat fertilizer input is: nitrogen: phosphorus pentoxide: potassium oxide is 1: 0.7: 0.4; at the same time, the amount of organic fertilizer and trace elements should be increased. It is recommended that the majority of farmers apply more organic fertilizer and must apply fermentation to reduce soil-borne diseases. In the use of trace element fertilizers, the use of zinc fertilizers and boron fertilizers should be increased in wheat, and manganese fertilizers can also be used wherever possible, and all have better yield-increasing effects. Fourth, the amount of fertilizer for winter wheat to do formula fertilization must first carry out soil testing, determination of soil nutrient content, and then based on wheat varieties, yield levels, calculate the amount of fertilizer. The following provides the majority of farmers with a reference number for fertilizing wheat. 1. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer application: low-yield wheat (350 kg/mu, soil organic matter content less than 10 g/kg), wheat whole-fertility Mushi nitrogen 10 to 12 kg (equivalent to ammonium bicarbonate 60 to 70 kg or urea 22 to 26 Kilograms); middle field (350-450 kilograms per mu; soil organic matter content greater than 10 g/kg is less than 13 g/kg); wheat pure nitrogen 12-14 kg for whole wheat growth period (equivalent to ammonium bicarbonate 70-82 kg or Urea 26 to 30 kg); high-yield fields (above 450 kg per mu, soil organic matter content greater than 13 g/kg) Mushi nitrogen nitrogen 12 ~ 13 kg (equivalent to ammonium bicarbonate 70 ~ 77 kg or urea 26 ~ 28 kg), Super-high-yield wheat mash Mushi not exceed 17 kg (equivalent to 100 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 37 kg of urea). 2. The amount of phosphate fertilizer: the available phosphorus content in the soil is less than 10 mg/kg, and the application of phosphorus pentaoxide is 10 to 12 kg (equivalent to 83 to 100 kg of superphosphate and 22 to 26 kg of diammonium); the available phosphorus content in soil is greater than 10 mg/kg is less than 20 mg/kg, Mushi phosphorus pentoxide is 9 ~ 10 kg (equivalent to 60 ~ 83 kg of superphosphate, 19 ~ 22 kg of diammonium); soil available phosphorus content is greater than 20 mg/kg, Mushi Phosphorus pentoxide 7 to 9 kg (equivalent to 60 to 75 kg of superphosphate, 15 to 19.5 kg of diammonium). 3. Potassium application rate: The general soil available potassium content is greater than 150 mg/kg, low-yield fields can not be applied; soil available potassium content is 100 ~ 130 mg/kg, can be applied to potassium oxide 2.5 ~ 5 kg (equivalent to potassium chloride 4 ~ 8.3 kg); soil available potassium content of less than 100 mg / kg, potassium can be applied 6 to 9 kg of potassium oxide (equivalent to potassium chloride 10 to 15 kg). 4. The application amount of organic fertilizer and trace fertilizer: The most important one in wheat fertilization is organic fertilizer, which is generally more than 1500 kg per mu. In addition, zinc deficiency and boron deficiency can be applied to 1 kg of zinc sulfate and borax per acre. 0.5 kg. 5. Fertilizer proportion and time of winter wheat 1. Ratio of base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer: In the fertilization of wheat, organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, and boron fertilizer can all be applied as base fertilizer once before planting, and part of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer. Part of the top dressing. In general, 50% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer in middle-aged fields is used as base fertilizer, and 50% as top-dressing fertilizer; 40% of high-yield fields are used as base fertilizer and 60% are top-dressing; 60% of low-yield fields are used as base fertilizer and 40% of top-dressing; for no water-contained conditions, drought, Infertile soil nitrogen fertilizer 70% to 100% base fertilizer. 2. Topdressing time: At present, farmers in some localities still use the previous practices to return green fertilizer when returning to Qingshui. Topdressing can then be used for soils with low dry soil and low-yield fields. However, for the middle- and high-yield fields, the topdressing time should be shifted to the jointing stage; for high-yield wheat fields with fertile soil, it can also be shifted to top-dressing at the late jointing stage. Top dressing can also be divided into two before light and heavy. Sixth, the choice of fertilizer Traditional fertilizers such as ammonium bicarbonate, urea, calcium superphosphate, diammonium cheap, but a single nutrient or the proportion of inappropriate, in the application, according to the characteristics of wheat need fertilizer own deployment of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, two Although ammonium is a nitrogen, phosphorus binary fertilizer, but the proportion of wheat in the base fertilizer is low, nitrogen fertilizer should also be added. Superphosphate is cheap, but also contains calcium, sulfur and other nutrients, but the phosphorus content of individual fertilizers produced by small plants is not stable. At present, some compound fertilizers marked with urea and diammonium appear on the market and should attract the attention of farmers. Urea nitrogen 46%, diammonium nitrogen 18%, containing phosphorus pentoxide 46%, where the content is not true urea or diammonium. Potassium fertilizer, potassium chloride for wheat can be used, and the price is low. However, for sites where sulfur deficiency occurs in high-yield areas, potassium phosphate may be used as potassium fertilizer if calcium phosphate is not used. There are numerous counterfeit compound fertilizers on the market that should attract attention. It is best to purchase fertilizers from large companies and regular manufacturers to purchase from fixed sales locations to prevent fraud. (Hebei Soil and Fertilizer Station)
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