Basal fertilizer 1. The role of basal fertilizer. Basal fertilizer is a fertilizer that was applied before sowing of wheat. Its purpose is to create good soil conditions required for the growth and development of wheat, lay the foundation for the growth of wheat, and supply wheat throughout the growth period nutrients. 2. The type and amount of basal fertilizer. The manure, manure, manure, straw manure and other organic fertilizers and phosphorus, potash, etc., are suitable for base fertilizer, and the effect is very good. In general, these fertilizers can be used as base fertilizers. The use of nitrogen fertilizer as a base fertilizer is suitable for thin wheat fields in dry land, and the amount generally accounts for about 60% of the total amount. 3. Base fertilizer application method. The method can be divided into two types: First, combined with deep tillage fertilization. That is, the fertilizer is applied to the entire plough layer at the time of application so that it is fully mixed with the plough layer soil, and the contact surface between the fertilizer and the root is enlarged. The second is concentrated fertilization. The basal fertilizer is applied by means of trenching, which can be applied in the case of less fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizers and high-quality organic fertilizers can be mixed and piled up and then applied centrally to prevent the fertilizer phosphorus from being fixed by the soil, thereby improving the fertilizer efficiency. Fertilizer 1. The role of fertilizer. Fertilizer is a fertilizer that is mixed with seeds during the sowing of wheat. Its purpose is to provide seedling nutrients and create good conditions for the growth of crop seedlings. 2. Kind and amount of fertilizer. Fertilizers used as seed fertilizers are generally quick-acting fertilizers that are easily absorbed and utilized. They require stable physicochemical properties and have no toxic or side effects on seed germination and seedling growth. Ammonium sulfate, superphosphate, and high-quality compound fertilizers can be used, and the dosage is preferably 23 to 25 kg per mu. 3. Fertilizer application method. Fertilizer application can be determined according to the type of fertilizer, and quick-acting nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers can be mixed with seeds or sown. Micro-fertilizer can generally be seed dressing, soaking and other methods. The sowing period of wheat is a key period for the prevention and control of various diseases and pests of wheat. In this period, the prevention and control of provincial, provincial, and provincial medicines can control a wide range of diseases and pests and have a multiplier effect. The main control targets for wheat diseases and pests in wheat sowing period are underground pests, cockroaches, cockroaches, golden needles, wheat midge, wheat sheath blight, full-bleeding disease, virus disease yellow dwarf disease, bushy dwarfism, and smut. The prevention and control measures are as follows: Agricultural control Select pest resistant varieties for the main pests and diseases in the area, and do a good job in the rational distribution of varieties. Fine soil preparation, clearing the field of sickness and weeds. Rational rotation, formula fertilization, application of mature farmyard fertilizer. Adopting suitable cultivation methods, such as adequate planting in late planting and precision semi-precision sowing, the resistance of wheat itself to pests and diseases is improved, which is not conducive to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and is conducive to the healthy ecological environment of wheat. Chemical control 1. Soil treatment. Underground pests, re-emergence areas of wheat midge, 50% phoxim per acre or 40% methyl isophosphorus EC 0.25-0.3 kg, add 1 to 2 kg of water, 25 kg of fine soil made of toxic soil. You can also use 3% methyl isofluosal or phoxim granules 2.5 to 3 kg, 15 to 20 kg of fine soil, evenly spread the ground before plowing, and plow the soil into the soil. 2. Chemical seed dressing. For the general area of ​​the underground pests, 40% methylisohexiaphos or 50% phoxim EC can be used, 4 to 5 kg of water, and 40 to 50 kg of mixed wheat seed. Rhizoctonia solani, smut, stripe rust, 2% Rikwein seed weight by 0.1% to 0.15%, or 20% triadimefon EC by seed weight 0.15%, or 12.5% ​​loquat (carbenol) According to species weight 0.12% dose seed dressing. Excessive use of triadimefon and pods has an impact on the emergence and growth of wheat. It is necessary to strictly control the dosage so as not to cause phytotoxicity. Wheat full-blown disease, can be used when the 2.5% of music 100 ml, add 1.5 to 2 kg of water, mixed with 50 to 100 kg of wheat seed, sowing after drying. Wheat yellow dwarf disease, bushy dwarf disease, with 75% Phionol EC 100 ~ 150 ml, add water 3 ~ 4, mixed with 50 kg of wheat seed, mix well and sow 12 hours after sowing. In the mixed areas of pests and diseases, we must vigorously promote the use of fungicides and insecticidal mixed seed dressing methods. Each quantity should be mixed with insecticide before mixing with fungicides, and strictly follow the seed dressing operation procedures to prevent human and animal poisoning. 3. Seed coating. Seed coating agent is a new type of pesticide produced by compound processing of insecticides, fungicides, trace fertilizers, plant growth regulators, and film formers. Seed coating has the advantages of simple, sustained-release and long-lasting effects. Besides controlling pests and diseases, it also has the effect of seed fertilizer and should be widely promoted. According to the types of diseases and insect pests, various fields can choose the appropriate formulation of seed coating agent. Such as using 2.5% Siyue seed coating agent plus 40% of methylisothionein can prevent and control underground pests, but also can prevent wheat sheath blight, root rot and so on. In addition, when planting wheat, pay attention to set aside spacing to facilitate intercropping. Intercropping between wheat fields is a simple, scientific and practical measure of agricultural production, which can increase the multiple cropping index and obtain greater comprehensive agricultural benefits. The reservation of wheat fields is the basic premise for the intercropping. The effectiveness of the adjustment of the crop structure in the whole year depends largely on the reservation of the wheat plantation. Therefore, we must do a good job in the adjustment of crop layout during the sowing of rice, reserve sufficient reserves, and actively promote the "92", "62", and "3" type of wheat, wheat, melon, and wheat. Such as a variety of efficient intercropping patterns, the rational configuration of the nest structure, to achieve 3 to 4 years of maturity. When the wheat is sown, the combination of crops is not fixed. When spring sowing and summer sowing, planting is selected according to market demand.
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