High-yielding cultivation techniques for overwintering and spinach
1. Choose a site for soil preparation. Spinach land should choose the leeward sunny, loose soil fertile, heat preservation water, drainage conditions, neutral acidic soil plots. September will be prepared for the second year of planting watermelons, zucchini and other melons to loosen the land, generally about 5000 kilograms of high-quality farmhouse fertilizer per acre, the organic fertilizer is mixed with the alumina, and intensive cultivation, for 1.3 to 1.5 meters wide.
2. Choose a thoroughbred. When spinach is cultivated in winter, it is easily affected by the low temperature in winter and early spring. After the spring is opened, the general varieties are easy to twitch and reduce the yield and quality. Therefore, varieties with strong winter, late bolting, strong cold resistance, and high yield should be used, such as cold-tolerant varieties such as spinach, spinach No. 10, and Bosch No. 9.
3. timely sowing. Overwintering wolfberry spinach before the stop growing, the plant reached 5 to 6 leaves, only to have a strong cold hardiness. Therefore, when the average temperature dropped to 17°C to 19°C on that day, it was the best choice for sowing. At this time the climate is cool, suitable for spinach germination and emergence, generally do not need to sow the seeds, but sowing seeds and wet seeds. The method is: first soak the seeds with warm water of 35°C for 12 hours, remove and broadcast to broadcast or sowing, and then cover the soil and step on water after sowing. When sowing, if the weather is dry, you must first pour the rammed earth into the bottom water. After sowing, gently comb the topsoil to make the seeds fall into the earth seam.
4. Appropriate sowing. Drilling and sowing, spacing 8 to 10 cm, seedlings Qi Qi, according to the spacing of 7 cm from the seedlings. If the seeds have low purity and impurities, they can be used to remove impurities and pods, leaving the seeds sown to ensure the emergence of seedlings and growth.
5. Pre-winter management. 4 to 5 days after sowing, it is necessary to produce seedlings. Before the emergence of the soil surface is dry and watering, to ensure that the surface of the bauxite is moist to Qimiao to promote the growth of spinach. After the spinach is sprouted and unearthed, a shallow earthworm cultivating soil is required to play a role in weed control and conservation. When the plants grow 3 to 4 leaves, the water can be properly controlled to promote the development of the roots to facilitate spinach winter. In order to meet the needs of the market before and after the Spring Festival, the coming of severe winter should pay attention to the establishment of wind barriers or to do a good job of preventing cold and freezing, so as to avoid freezing the leaves and seriously affecting the yield and quality of spinach. When the plant grows 5 to 6 leaves will stop growing, it is necessary to timely seal the frozen water, the timing of watering should be kept in the soil surface of the night. Pouring water is best to use manure, which is conducive to spinach accelerated growth in early spring. In the middle of February of the following year, the wind barrier was removed, and the sundries and debris in the trench were removed.
6. Control pests. Overwintering spinach diseases and pests mainly include anthrax, downy mildew, viral diseases and aphids. Downy mildew and anthracnose can be controlled by 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution, 25% metalaxyl 700 times solution, and 40% EB aluminum wettable powder 300 times in the initial stage of disease. In addition to the rotation of virus disease, it is also necessary to prevent and control locusts and other transmission media in time. During the period of aphids, 50% phoxim emulsion 1000 times solution or 2.5% deltamethrin 1500-2500 times solution can be sprayed and controlled.
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