The black fungus grown in camphor wood of Yunhe County has a long history, but due to the constraints of resource conditions such as coffins and sites, it is mostly developed in different places or planted in remote mountainous areas, hindering the development of the black fungus industry in the local area. In recent years, the cultivation techniques have been reformed, and black agaric pouch cultivation techniques have been successfully developed, achieving remarkable results. In 2003, the county developed 2.08 million bags of black edible fungus, which produced more than 750 million yuan of output value and gained more than 500 million yuan. In 2004, the county’s production scale exceeded 20 million bags. The black fungus bag cultivation technique has many similarities with the cultivation of the bag mushroom, so it is easier to be accepted by the mushroom farmer and the cultivation success rate is higher. Most of the farmers have obtained good economic benefits. The net income per bag is 2-3 yuan and the highest is about 5 yuan. Due to the adoption of bag materials cultivation technology, it not only solves the constraints of resource conditions such as eucalyptus, site, but also shortens the production cycle and saves costs, thereby significantly improving economic and social benefits. Its cultivation techniques and management points are as follows. (1) During the cultivation season, the fungus is a moderate temperature type fungus, and the suitable temperature for germination and ear development is about 20-25°C. According to the climate characteristics of Yunhe County, the black fungus can be divided into spring and autumn seasons. Generally, the autumn ear is cultivated in August-September and the spring ear is cultivated in December-January. According to the altitude, the cultivation time is advanced or postponed. In areas with an altitude of 600 meters or more, bagging inoculation begins in mid-July; the plain area is not suitable for cultivation in September and spring. (2) Cultivating raw materials and formulas Currently, the commonly used raw materials for bag cultivation in Yunhe County are mixed wood chips (not including aromatic wood chips), cottonseed husks, etc., and the commonly used auxiliary materials include wheat bran, rice bran or fine bran, brown sugar and gypsum etc. , All kinds of raw materials and accessories must be fresh. The recipes are: 1 78% of wood chips, 10% of wheat bran, 10% of rice bran, 1.2% of gypsum, 0.8% of brown sugar; 28% of wood chips, 10% of wheat bran, 20% of fine bran, 1.2% of gypsum, and 0.8% of brown sugar ; 3, mixed wood chips 58.5%, cottonseed husk 20%, wheat bran 10%, rice bran 10%, brown sugar 0.5%, lime 1%. (3) The water content of the fungus bag making bag of black fungus is slightly less than that of the bag mushroom, and 50% to 55% is appropriate. Bagging, sterilization, and bagging of mushrooms are similar. Inoculation should be operated strictly according to aseptic conditions. Each bag should receive 3 to 4 points, and the amount of inoculum should be increased appropriately. The whole strain should be used to access and inoculate the inside of the hole to ensure that the pine is tight and the surface is flat and tightly closed. Fungus mycelium quickly resumed growth. After inoculation, the bag was tied and transferred to the culture room for cultivation. (4) Fungal management bacteria culture should be selected clean, dry, well-ventilated sites. Sites should be cleaned in advance, fumigation with sulfur or 5% phenol (or peracetic acid) spray for insecticidal and space disinfection, timely ventilation and ventilation, after the smell of pesticides emitted, move into the inoculated bacteria. The bacteria sticks moved into the culture room and the bacteria are generally piled up 7-8 layers, which should be discharged in the shape of “well†or triangle. If stacked on an outdoor shelf, the first floor is required to be more than 40 cm above the ground. The black fungus mycelium needs no light during the vegetative growth stage and should avoid direct light. Within 26 days after inoculation, 26-28°C is appropriate (not more than 30°C). When the mycelium diameter 6-8 cm is large, it is necessary to remove the film in time to achieve early and late ventilation and oxygenation to promote bacteria. Silk germination; When the mycelia eat about 10 cm, the temperature should be controlled at 24-26 °C: keep ventilation; 20 days after inoculation, the room temperature is appropriate at 22 °C, at this time should pay special attention to bulk heap, increase the number of ventilation After 40 days, the hyphae enters the stage of physiological maturity, and the temperature of the bag gradually decreases. The room temperature should be adjusted according to the temperature change. When the door is warmed up, we must pay attention to timely ventilation to prevent "burning bacteria." After the mycelium is covered with the bacteria bag, puncture and bacterium are required. Select cool and cool weather, use a 5-8.3 cm long nail plate to perform puncture venting, 9-10 lines per bag of bacilli, total about 100-110 holes (if you choose not to take the bag cultivation also need to increase the puncture Amount), and to create a good ventilation and light conditions, in order to facilitate the recovery of mycelium growth, promote physiological maturity, the formation of ear buds. When there are ear buds formed in the puncture hole, but the bag mouth hasn't been grown yet, you can choose a cool and cool weather to take the bag. The site should be kept wet when it is taken out. (5) Ear field construction Choose a well-ventilated, sunny area, adjacent water source, no pollution source, and a field or lawn that can prevent flooding. A turtle-shaped boring machine is used to form a 1.2-1.3 m wide and 0.25-m high ear rack with firewood or bamboo. The length is not limited. Bar spacing 0.5-0.30 meters, ranking slightly less than the mushroom tube, while digging a good drainage ditch around the bed, walkway width is generally 50 cm. The trampoline is covered with hay to facilitate moisturizing (or covering with a mulch) and to prevent sediment erosion. The mushroom sticks do not need to cover the film, do not set up an arbour, open up in the open air, and keep the air circulation. (6) Out-ear management can choose two management modes: bag unpacking and bag unpacking, but considering temperature and other factors, the spring planting in the plain areas and high altitude areas should be selected from the bag management, and the bags planted at an altitude of 600 meters above the ground can be taken out of the bag. . Ear temperature, air and humidity are the main factors affecting the quality and quality of bagged black fungus. Appropriate ear temperature of 10-21 °C, at temperatures higher than 28 °C easy to ear, ear. When the temperature is high, the ear can be kept moist by spraying water to resist high temperatures. During the prosperous growth of the ear stick, if the oxygen is insufficient, the mycelium grows weak, and the formed primordium will be difficult to grow up. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and oxygenation, and the conditional ones should strive to move the rods to manage, so that the earpieces shrink, which is beneficial to Air circulation promotes absorption of nutrients. Moisture management must adopt the principle of “dry-dry-wet-wetâ€. After 3-4 days of bag removal, sprays are used to control the matrix and spatial humidity. According to the weather, spray water to see the moderate blossoming water: When the ear buds grow up and mature, the spray volume will increase accordingly, and the rainy days and the late period can be less or no. Strengthen the light to prevent excessive humidity, resulting in bad ears. (7) Harvesting processing When the ear piece is ripe at eight or nine, it can be picked, and the water spray should be stopped 2-3 days before harvesting. Exceeding the ripening period can easily cause bad ears and have a direct impact on the yield and quality of the later-generation tidal fungus. The ears that are collected require cleanliness and no debris. The clusters of flowers are separated by the shape of the ears and then dried to increase the value of the goods. In case of rainy weather, the fungus can be dried. When it is dry, it must be treated with slow fire, strong wind, strong first and weak, and do not turn it when it is not dry. After harvesting the first batch of fungus, the residual ear should be removed, water spray should be stopped, and “resting and cultivating†should be carried out to accumulate nutrients to restore the growth of the mycelium within the niche. The time for raising bacteria is usually 7-10 days, which provides nutrients for the next batch of fungus growth. The second three batches are managed in the same way. Take two batches of fungus and change the head of the fungus rod once to make the ears even.
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