Late summer and early autumn mark the beginning of the rearing phase for replacement hens. Proper management during this critical period directly impacts the overall efficiency of poultry production. Therefore, it is essential to provide careful attention and proper care to these young hens.
1. **Timely Transition to Laying Feed**
At around 20 weeks of age, hens should be transitioned to a laying diet, which typically contains 1% calcium and 16.5% crude protein. As egg production begins, the feed should gradually be adjusted to include 3.4% to 3.5% calcium and 18% crude protein. This ensures that the hens have adequate nutrients to support their increasing egg-laying demands.
2. **Monitor and Control Body Weight**
Along with calcium supplementation, it's important to monitor the body weight of the hens. They should be grouped based on size—large, medium, and small—to ensure even development. Avoid sudden changes in feed quantity, as this can lead to uneven growth. Lighter hens should not be allowed to become too underweight, as this can delay sexual maturity and affect egg production later on.
3. **Maintain Optimal Housing Temperature**
The ideal temperature for egg production is around 18°C. If temperatures drop below 13°C, it can negatively impact both growth and egg production. In such cases, feed should be increased promptly to provide enough energy. On the other hand, high temperatures can reduce feed intake. If protein levels aren’t adjusted accordingly, reproductive development may be delayed, causing a postponement in egg-laying.
4. **Regulate Humidity and Ventilation**
The humidity inside the chicken house should ideally range between 55% and 65%. For the first three days after hatching, higher humidity (around 70%) is beneficial, but it should be reduced to 50% after four weeks. Excessive humidity can lead to poor hygiene, making the hens unclean and less active, which can delay sexual maturity. Good ventilation is also crucial to prevent the buildup of harmful gases, maintain oxygen levels, and ensure healthy development.
5. **Control Lighting Conditions**
By 15 weeks of age, replacement hens begin to reach sexual maturity. Natural daylight starts to decrease, which can slow down maturation. To counteract this, supplemental lighting should be introduced from week 15 onward. The light duration should be maintained at the same level as during week 15, but not too intense, to avoid feather pecking or other behavioral issues. A daily exposure of 13–17 hours is generally recommended for optimal development.
6. **Ensure Clean and Accessible Water**
Water is essential for the health and productivity of hens. Each hen should have access to 100–200 grams of water per day. Never deprive them of water, especially during the early laying stage. It’s best to use flowing water tanks to keep the water fresh. Adding diluted saltwater 2–3 times a week can help improve their immunity and encourage better water consumption. Including fresh vegetables like carrots or green feed can also boost their protein intake and overall nutrition.
By following these management practices, farmers can ensure that their replacement hens grow properly and start laying eggs efficiently, leading to better long-term productivity.
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