"Artificial kidney" enters the approval process is cheaper than hemodialysis
According to CNN, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently announced that it will speed up the approval of small wearable "artificial kidneys." The research institute said that patients with renal failure are expected to wear this artificial kidney within 2 years if there is continuous and stable research funding.
Distress of patients with renal failure
If a person's kidney function fails and cannot work properly, it will not be able to effectively filter out the waste in the blood and eventually poison the human body. Therefore, the patient must receive treatment for blood purification.
A blood purification technology currently widely used is kidney dialysis, also known as artificial kidney, and some people are called hemodialysis (referred to as hemodialysis) or dialysis. It can alleviate symptoms and prolong survival. However, even the best kidney dialysis treatments are not satisfactory. Patients must be treated at home or at the hospital through a dialysis machine, sometimes dialysis must be performed every four hours. The traditional dialysis machine treatment method is not only costly, but also a great constraint on the patient, depriving them of the freedom of normal life and work.
US wearable artificial kidney is expected to be listed within 2 years
In 2009, a joint research team consisting of the Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles and the UCLA School of Medicine launched a prototype of a wearable artificial kidney (WAK). At the end of 2014, this medical product was approved by the US FDA and entered the clinical trial phase.
WAK works similarly to traditional dialysis machines. It also removes metabolic waste and impurities from the patient's blood, and then delivers the purified blood back to the damaged tissue in the body to complete the dialysis process. But the traditional dialysis machine is about the same size as the cabinet. Even the most advanced dialysis machine is as big as a printer. The current WAK equipment is only about 9 kg. The researchers are trying to reduce their weight to about 4.5 kg.
Patients wearing WAK need to change the filter once a week and add chemicals every day to purify the filtered water. In addition, the WAK driven by a 9 volt battery can work automatically. A clinical associate professor at Victor Gula from the University of California research team said that patients who participated in clinical trials were able to sleep with WAK, and that showers and other normal activities should be fine.
Gula said on the 7th that in clinical trials, seven patients with end-stage renal disease underwent a WAK 24-hour try-on test. During this period, WAK filters the water and salt in the blood at the same rate as healthy kidneys. The patient has no discomfort and no side effects.
However, this device has an important drawback. Of the 7 patients, 2 patients took the WAK in less than 24 hours due to operational failure. After the research team handled the problem, they will conduct a one-week clinical trial of WAK.
The US FDA announced last month that if WAK proves to be safe and effective, they will speed up the approval of their listing. Gula said that if researchers can continue to receive funding for follow-up technology development and clinical trials, patients with renal failure can wear WAK within two years.
China's medical needs are huge, patients are forced to self-made hemodialysis machine
According to the relevant person in charge of the Medical and Health Hospital of the State Health Planning Commission, it is estimated that there are 1 million to 2 million patients with end-stage renal disease in China. As of February 2011, there were more than 34,000 hemodialysis machines in the country, mainly distributed in the developed areas of the east, and many patients failed to receive timely and effective treatment.
Kidney patients need to rely on dialysis to maintain their lives, but the "cost" of dialysis has caused many people to swear, 400 yuan once, three times a week is 1200 yuan. In recent years, the media has repeatedly reported that patients with kidney disease are unable to pay high medical expenses, and are forced to make self-made blood-staining machines at home.
For example, in 2013, the story of Nantong’s Hu Yuwen’s self-made “steel kidney†for 13 years of life became a hot topic of Weibo. Hu Yuwen’s family is poor and has been living with his mother in his eighties. After the hospital's hemodialysis treatment spent the savings at home, in order to save money, Hu Yuwen made a "hemodialysis machine" at home with kitchen utensils, containers and simple instruments. This single cost can be reduced to 10 yuan, plus the cost of blood transfusions and skin tubes that have been greatly reduced in recent years. In total, the cost of a self-dialysis is less than 60 yuan.
Doctor's advice: lower cost peritoneal dialysis
Experts suggest that peritoneal dialysis should be considered as the preferred alternative to kidney disease treatment in addition to routine hemodialysis. At the same time, the price is much lower than conventional hemodialysis. If you have peritoneal dialysis at home, you can save more than 10,000 yuan per year than hemodialysis.
Peritoneal dialysis is a different dialysis method than hemodialysis. It uses the body's own abdominal cavity and the peritoneum surrounding the abdominal cavity for dialysis. The reporter learned that peritoneal dialysis treatment is suitable for young patients with more urine, and can also better protect residual renal function. At the same time, peritoneal dialysis is superior to hemodialysis in protecting patients from cardiovascular disease. There is no need to use heparin for anticoagulation, so it has little effect on patients with bleeding tendency. Hu Yuwen's homemade "steel kidney" is not desirable for hemodialysis at home, but peritoneal dialysis can be done at home.
The passage of dialysate into and out of the abdominal cavity should be established before peritoneal dialysis. The doctor will place a soft, flexible dialysis tube into the patient's abdomen through a minor procedure. The dialysis tube is like a pencil. When the patient does not use it, the clothes can cover it, so it is not visible outside. The dialysis tube can be used for life if it is well protected. The type of peritoneal dialysis is determined by the medical staff according to the patient's condition, lifestyle, and ability to complete peritoneal dialysis. Both types of peritoneal dialysis are continuous, ie, removing excess water and waste from the body at all times, similar to a normal kidney. As a result, the patient's dietary restrictions may not be as harsh as hemodialysis. (China Daily News)
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