1 Variety characteristics
Peach also known as yellow peach, fruit round, larger, yellowish, hard, yellow skin, beautiful appearance, both ornamental and edible and processing. There are many varieties, such as "Fenghuang", "Lianhuang", "Can 5", and "Golden Century". The mature period is generally from early August to late September.
2 seedling cultivation
Peach is commonly grown by grafting. Prunus persicae is used as the rootstock. The root system is well developed and grows quickly. Peach kernels are layered and sanded in the winter of the previous year and sowed in the spring. The seedlings are cultivated in the spring and grafted in the autumn. The rootstock stems are about 0.7cm thick. The single-bud abdominal connection method is convenient and easy to survive. The grafting interface is to be cut into one knife, neat and smooth, and the scion and rootstock forming layer must be aligned and tied tightly with a plastic film. After about 20 days later, the rootstock will be cut from the 1cm above the grafting interface, and it will grow into a 20- to 30cm-high semi-emergence in the spring of the following year.
3 cultivation soil preparation
Culture soil is rich in nutrients and has good permeability. According to 4 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of humus soil, 2 parts of slag or sand, and 1 part of mature chicken and manure. In order to enhance fertility, a small amount of compound fertilizer can be added, and then a small amount of potassium permanganate and carbofuran can be added for insecticidal sterilization.
4 flowerpot selection
Mud pots with diameters of 30 to 40 cm and heights of 25 to 35 cm should be selected because of the porous and porous texture of the mud basins, good permeability, suitable for root growth and development, and low price, light weight, and easy to use.
5 upper pot planting
5.1 The basin time should be thawed in the spring to the pre-emergent upper basin. The southern part is usually in the period from February to March. At this time, the peaches have more storage nutrients and the root system has begun to grow. After the upper basin, the roots are easy to survive.
5.2 Upper basin method First, the root system of seedlings should be repaired clearly, long roots and extra roots should be cut off, and the rough root wounds should be cut flat to prepare the upper basin. Two to three pieces of shredded tiles are placed on the bottom hole of the tile basin with the convex surface facing upward to avoid soil leakage or obstruction. Then put in 1/3 of the culture soil and plant the seedlings. When planting, while shaking the soil, shake the seedlings or shake the pots and pots, try to make the roots stretch and close to the potted soil, the root neck hand compaction. The depth of seedling planting is appropriate to cover the original soil surface of the nursery stock, and the interface should be exposed to the soil surface. The culture soil should be about 3cm lower than the pot to facilitate watering, and the basin should be irrigated.
6 after the basin management
6.1 Slow seedlings In order to increase the temperature of the environment and accelerate seedling, sprouting and growth, the flowerpots should be placed on the leeward sunny place. Sunny day, pour water once every day, pouring water on a cloudy day on the 3rd. Do not pour on rainy days. Grasp it properly.
6.2 Plastic pruning Potted yellow peach has a lot of tree shapes. There are three main branches of happy shape, multiple main branches, two main branches, and single main branches. The more common ones are the three main branches. It can be used to shape the peach tree with many characteristics, such as growing many branches, growing fast, and growing many times a year. That is, when the upper basin is trimmed and dried at 10 cm above the grafting interface, the lateral buds under the cuttings are germinated, and then three buds are left in three different directions, and the remaining buds are wiped off. When the new shoot grows to 15cm, it picks up the heart and promotes branching, so that the basic tree can be completed in the year. After the first topping, the upper two shoots grew more prosperous because of their apical dominance, affecting the growth of the lower shoots. To balance the tree vigor, pull branches can be used to widen and flatten the shoot angles and suppress their growth advantage. The upright or back tip can be treated with a twist tip method. Spring cuts were made before budding of the following year, leaving 20cm short cuts for the three main branches and leaving 3 to 4 groups of short cuts for the remaining shoots.
6.3 Management of fertilizer and water Potted yellow peaches have a large amount of fruit, long fruiting time, and consume more nutrients. Only limited pots and soils cannot meet their nutritional needs. Therefore, fertilizer and watering should be timely.
6.3.1 Top dressing. For the vigorous growth of fruitless or less fruit pot should be less nitrogen fertilizer, the growth period of the application of organic liquid fertilizer should also be appropriately reduced, generally about 15d chase 1 times; the result is before and after peach flowering concentrated demand fertilization, in addition to pouring organic Liquid fertilizers should be topdressed with 0.2% to 0.3% inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, before and after flowering. Hard nut stage to fruit enlargement period require more fertilizer, especially need to add potash fertilizer, topdress organic liquid fertilizer every 7~10 days, add a small amount of potash fertilizer in liquid fertilizer, and apply watering after application; more results and weak growth Peach, the growing season should make up for nitrogen fertilizer, promote vegetative growth and fruit development.
6.3.2 Watering. Yellow peaches require a large amount of water in the growing season, and the roots are aerobic and intolerant to pods. Therefore, in order to ensure that the pots and soils are loose and there is no water in the basin, sufficient supply of water should be ensured. In principle, it is not dry or pouring, but it is poured in water, and in summer it can be poured once a day to prevent burning. However, proper drought should be maintained during flowering to control vegetative growth and promote fruit set.
6.4 Protection of flowers and fruiting and fruiting and fruiting In order to prevent the fruit set rate of peaches from being affected due to poor pollination and lack of nutrition, appropriate measures should be taken to preserve the fruit and protect the fruit. Spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or borax once a week at full flowering stage, which can significantly increase the fruit setting rate. For trees with large flowers and excessive results, thinning and thinning should be carried out to save nutrients. Generally, the amount of fruit in a pot with a crown of 50 cm should not exceed 10, and the larger tree with a crown of 80 to 100 cm should be suitable for about 20 fruits.
6.5 Diseases and Insect Pests Prevention Pests The common diseases and pests are peach perforation, aphids, and peach borer. The fungal perforation disease can be sprayed 2 to 3 times after the peach germination 65% zein zinc WP 500 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times, the effect is good; the perforation of bacteria Disease, available agricultural streptomycin 50 ~ 100mg / L control. The aphids can be treated with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 3000 times, or 50% anti-inferior wettable powder 2000 times. Peach fruit borer, should pay attention to the May-June rain is a critical period for the wintering larvae in batches of unearthed, can be sprayed according to pest situation timely application of 50% killer pine emulsion 1000 times, or 2.5% Uranus EC 2000 times.
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